And a different good morning to you Norman,
> If I may be so bold .... Of course, and thank you for the detailed and complete description of a mechanism I glossed over irresponsibly. > As long as the DBA correctly sizes the UNDO tablespace and correctly > sets the UNDO_RETENTION parameter to a decent enough value, data changes > are able to be rolled back happily all the time. > > If the DBA failed miserably in his/her duties, the ORA-01555 Snapshot > too old" errors are the result. And are most irritating. Long running > SELECTS - batch reports for example - tend to show up this error mostly. Ha ha ha! You don't get month end this month because your DBA screwed up! Try Firebird next time. Cheers, Ann