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Environmental/Occupational Exposure * The most probable routes of exposure to caprolactam are dermal contact and inhalation by workers involved in the manufacture and use of this compound. (1) * Caprolactam may be released to the environment in emissions and effluents from its manufacturing and use facilities. (1) * Caprolactam has been detected in water. Small segments of the general population may be exposed by the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (1,2) Assessing Personal Exposure * No information was found regarding the measurement of personal exposure to caprolactam. Health Hazard Information Acute Effects: * Acute (short-term) exposure to caprolactam may result in irritation and burning of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin in humans. (2,3) * Headaches, malaise, confusion, and nervous irritation have been observed in workers exposed to caprolactam by inhalation. (1) * Dermatitis, fever, and grand mal seizures were reported in a man exposed to high levels of caprolactam for 3 days; no CNS abnormalities were detected. (2) * Tests involving acute exposure of animals, such as the LC50 and LD50 tests in rats, mice, and rabbits, have demonstrated caprolactam to have high acute toxicity from inhalation and dermal exposure and moderate acute toxicity from ingestion. (4) Chronic Effects (Noncancer): * Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to caprolactam has been observed to cause peeling of the hands and some eye, nose, and throat irritation, but no other effects on general health. (2) * Neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular effects and dermatological and immunological changes were reported in workers chronically exposed to caprolactam, among other chemicals. High noise levels, temperature, and humidity were noted and may have also affected the workers. (2) * Weight gain depression and increased liver and kidney weights have been observed in rats chronically exposed to caprolactam in their diet. (2) * EPA has not established an RfC for caprolactam. (5) * The RfD for caprolactam is 0.5 mg/kg/d based on reduced offspring body weight in rats. (5) * EPA has high confidence in the study on which the RfD was based because the threshold for the most sensitive reproductive effect, reduced body weight of offspring, was clearly identified; high confidence in the database because subchronic and chronic dietary studies identified no effect levels for kidney effects in rats, another critical effect in the most sensitive species, and the carcinogenicity and developmental and reproductive toxicity have been adequately studied; and, consequently, high confidence in the RfD. * EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, for a hazard ranking under Section 112(g) of the Clean Air Act Amendments, has evaluated caprolactam for chronic toxicity and has given it a composite score of 9 (scores range from 1 to 100, with 100 being the most toxic). These scores are nonlinear and are the product of two ratings: a rating based on the minimal-effect-dose and a rating based on the type of effect. (6) Reproductive/Developmental Effects: * Gynecological effects have been reported in women occupationally exposed to caprolactam and other chemicals. These effects include dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and obstetrical complications including postpartum hemorrhage, toxemia of pregnancy, premature birth, and inadequate uterine contractions during labor. (2)c * Depressed fetal body weights have been observed in rats and mice exposed to caprolactam in their diet and in rabbits exposed by gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach). An increased incidence of fetal resorptions was reported in rats exposed by gavage. (2,5) * Adverse effects on spermatogenesis have been observed in rats following inhalation exposure. (1,7) Cancer Risk: * No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of caprolactam in humans. * In rats and mice exposed to caprolactam in their diet at the maximum tolerated dose, a significant increase in tumor incidence did not result. (2) * EPA has classified caprolactam as a Group E, with evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans. (2) Physical Properties * The chemical formula for caprolactam is C6H11ON, and its molecular weight is 113.16 g/mol. (2) * Caprolactam is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline solid or leaflets that are very soluble in water. (2,8) * Caprolactam has a unique, unpleasant odor; the odor threshold has not been established. (2,7) * The vapor pressure of caprolactam is 1.9 H 10-3 mm Hg at 25 EC, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) is -0.19. (2) Uses * Caprolactam is primarily used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers (especially Nylon 6). (1,2) * Caprolactam is also used in brush bristles, textile stiffeners, film coatings, synthetic leather, plastics, plasticizers, paint vehicles, cross-linking for polyurethanes, and in the synthesis of lysine. (1,2) ----- Original Message ----- From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Wednesday, February 25, 2004 11:28 AM Subject: [AKA Bogor] Senyawa kimia > > > Dear All ... > > Masih ingat dengan caprolactam ? ada yang bisa beri informasi tentang hal tsb ? > saya terus terang lupa banget dengan hal tsb > tararengkyu banget ya ... > > > muslich > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > Media Komunikasi Alumni, mahasiswa dan seluruh civitas > AKADEMI KIMIA ANALISIS BOGOR > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > Unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Untuk melihat perintah, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Website : http://www.alumni-akabogor.org/ > Archive : http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- Media Komunikasi Alumni, mahasiswa dan seluruh civitas AKADEMI KIMIA ANALISIS BOGOR --------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Untuk melihat perintah, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Website : http://www.alumni-akabogor.org/ Archive : http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/
