> Gustavo,
> Estou com um problema parecido com o seu. Arquivos grandes no backup congela
> a máquina.
>
> Mas estou usando o FreeBSD 7.1.
>
> Teve alguma novidade?
>
> []s,
>
> Ari

----- Mensagem encaminhada de gust...@z -----
     Data: Fri, 20 Mar 2009 12:46:43 -0300
     De: gust...@z
  Assunto: Re: [FUG-BR] Kernel panic STABLE 7.0
       Para: Ari

Confirme se as panic strings são iguais mesmo. No meu caso  
aparentemente foi um problema no sistema de arquivos devido aos caras  
do datacenter terem desligado a máquina na marra. Eu sugiro que vc  
cheque se for o mesmo panic string, quais as partições afetadas, passe  
fsck na mão e acima de tudo DESABILITE fsck em background pois ele só  
dá dor de cabeça, não parece funcionar... (vc pode fazer isso pelo  
rc.conf, background_fsck="NO" )

estou na correria agora se me ocorrer alguma idéia entro em contato.

abraços
--gustavo

Citando Ari :


>
>
> 2009/3/12 <gust...@z>
>
>> Estou com um FreeBSD aqui num Dell Poweredge R200 que me deu uns
>> kernel panics, eis as panic strings:
>>
>> Code:
>>
>> 1)
>>   Dumptime: Thu Feb 26 09:02:42 2009
>>   Hostname: secrethostname
>>   Magic: FreeBSD Kernel Dump
>>   Version String: FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE #0: Tue Nov  4 12:27:42 BRST 2008
>>     root@:/usr/src/sys/i386/compile/SECRETHOSTNAME
>>   Panic String: ffs_blkfree: freeing free block
>> 2)
>>   Dumptime: Fri Feb 27 11:30:59 2009
>>   Hostname: secrethostname
>>   Magic: FreeBSD Kernel Dump
>>   Panic String: ffs_clusteralloc: map mismatch
>> 3)
>>   Dumptime: Fri Feb 27 11:48:42 2009
>>   Hostname: secrethostname
>>   Magic: FreeBSD Kernel Dump
>>   Panic String: ffs_blkfree: freeing free block
>> 4)
>>   Dumptime: Tue Mar  3 10:30:28 2009
>>   Hostname: secrethostname
>>   Magic: FreeBSD Kernel Dump
>>   Panic String: ffs_blkfree: freeing free block
>> 5)
>>   Dumptime: Fri Mar  6 14:22:04 2009
>>   Hostname: secrethostname
>>   Magic: FreeBSD Kernel Dump
>>   Panic String: ufs_dirbad: /disk1: bad dir ino 1131015 at offset
>> 1536: mangled entry
>>
>> Tentei reproduzir o erro recriando a condição de arquivos grandes
>> sendo movidos e/ou removidos dos sistemas de arquivos e não é sempre
>> que acontece. No entanto 80% dos panics aconteceram durante a operação
>> com arquivos grandes, sendo 3 na inserção de banco de dados e 1
>> descompactando 2 GB (não muito grande o arquivo).
>>
>> Vi recomendações para se desabilitar soft-updates nos sistemas de
>> arquivos mas ocorreu o panic mesmo assim, durante uma tentativa de
>> inserção no banco PostgreSQL.
>>
>> Estou pesquisando problemas com drivers em relação a controladora
>> SAS e estou desconfiado pela NIC estar compartilhando IRQ com a
>> controladora.
>>
>> Só que agora eu estou realizando mais ou menos as mesmas atividades
>> (diminuí bastante o tamanho do banco, e agora ele consegue inserir:
>> antes acusava arquivo corrompido ou erro de sintaxe) e nada de panic.
>>
>> Daí pensei em rodar essa ferramenta do sysutils: stress. Mas
>> aparentemente ela DÁ CRASH no sistema MESMO, pelo que li na
>> documentação. Então não sei se vai ser útil pra testar o panic
>> anterior ou se vou inventar um novo panic.
>>
>>
>> Será que meus últimos fscks resolveram o FS e era isso que tava
>> causando o panic? Será que ele vai voltar pra me assombrar? Como posso
>> me certificar antes de botar a máquina em produção total?
>>
>> PS: uma das coisas que achei que poderia causar isso é bad RAM, pedi
>> pra realizarem um memtest86+ faz 2 semanas e os caras meio que se
>> recusam, não entendo pq, não entendo a dificuldade.
>>
>> abraços,
>> --Gustavo
>>
>> Apêndices:
>>
>> # pciconf -vl
>>
>> hos...@pci0:0:0:0:      class=0x060000 card=0x00000000 chip=0x29f08086
>> rev=0x01 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '(Bearlake) Processor to I/O Controller'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = HOST-PCI
>> pc...@pci0:0:1:0:       class=0x060400 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29f18086
>> rev=0x01 hdr=0x01
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '(Bearlake) PCIe Root Port 1'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-PCI
>> pc...@pci0:0:28:0:      class=0x060400 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29408086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x01
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) PCIe Root Port 1'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-PCI
>> pc...@pci0:0:28:4:      class=0x060400 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29488086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x01
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) PCIe Root Port 5'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-PCI
>> pc...@pci0:0:28:5:      class=0x060400 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x294a8086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x01
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) PCIe Root Port 6'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-PCI
>> uh...@pci0:0:29:0:      class=0x0c0300 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29348086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) USB Universal Host
>> Controller'
>>    class      = serial bus
>>    subclass   = USB
>> uh...@pci0:0:29:1:      class=0x0c0300 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29358086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) USB Universal Host
>> Controller'
>>    class      = serial bus
>>    subclass   = USB
>> uh...@pci0:0:29:2:      class=0x0c0300 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29368086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) USB Universal Host
>> Controller'
>>    class      = serial bus
>>    subclass   = USB
>> eh...@pci0:0:29:7:      class=0x0c0320 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x293a8086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) USB2 Enhanced Host
>> Controller'
>>    class      = serial bus
>>    subclass   = USB
>> pc...@pci0:0:30:0:      class=0x060401 card=0x00000000 chip=0x244e8086
>> rev=0x92 hdr=0x01
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801 Family (ICH2/3/4/4/5/5/6/7/8/9,63xxESB) Hub
>> Interface to PCI Bridge'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-PCI
>> is...@pci0:0:31:0:      class=0x060100 card=0x00000000 chip=0x29168086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IR (ICH9R) LPC Interface Controller'
>>    class      = bridge
>>    subclass   = PCI-ISA
>> atap...@pci0:0:31:2:    class=0x01018f card=0x023c1028 chip=0x29208086
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Intel Corporation'
>>    device     = '82801IB/IR/IH (ICH9 Family) 4 port Serial ATA
>> Storage Controller 1'
>>    class      = mass storage
>>    subclass   = ATA
>> m...@pci0:2:0:0:        class=0x010000 card=0x1f0e1028 chip=0x00581000
>> rev=0x08 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'LSI Logic (Was: Symbios Logic, NCR)'
>>    device     = 'SAS 3000 series, 8-port with 1068E -StorPort'
>>    class      = mass storage
>>    subclass   = SCSI
>> b...@pci0:3:0:0:        class=0x020000 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x165914e4
>> rev=0x21 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Broadcom Corporation'
>>    device     = 'BCM5721 NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express'
>>    class      = network
>>    subclass   = ethernet
>> b...@pci0:4:0:0:        class=0x020000 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x165914e4
>> rev=0x21 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'Broadcom Corporation'
>>    device     = 'BCM5721 NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express'
>>    class      = network
>>    subclass   = ethernet
>> vgap...@pci0:5:5:0:     class=0x030000 card=0x023c1028 chip=0x515e1002
>> rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
>>    vendor     = 'ATI Technologies Inc'
>>    device     = 'Radeon ES1000 Radeon ES1000'
>>    class      = display
>>    subclass   = VGA
>>
>> # uname -av
>>
>> FreeBSD secrethostname 7.0-RELEASE FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE #0: Tue Nov  4
>> 12:27:42 BRST 2008     root@:/usr/src/sys/i386/compile/SECRETHOSTNAME
>> i386
>>
>> # cat /sys/i386/conf/SECRETHOSTNAME
>>
>> #
>> # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
>> #
>> # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
>> # Kernel Configuration Files:
>> #
>> #
>>
>> http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
>> #
>> # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
>> # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
>> # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
>> # latest information.
>> #
>> # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
>> # device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
>> # If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
>> # in NOTES.
>> #
>> # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.474.2.2.2.1 2008/02/06
>> 03:24:28 scottl Exp $
>>
>> #cpu            I486_CPU
>> #cpu            I586_CPU
>> cpu             I686_CPU
>> ident           SECRETHOSTNAME
>>
>> # To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
>> #hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for
>> devices.
>>
>> makeoptions     DEBUG=-g                # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug
>> symbols
>>
>> options         SCHED_4BSD              # 4BSD scheduler
>> options         PREEMPTION              # Enable kernel thread preemption
>> options         INET                    # InterNETworking
>> options         INET6                   # IPv6 communications protocols
>> options         SCTP                    # Stream Control Transmission
>> Protocol
>> options         FFS                     # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
>> options         SOFTUPDATES             # Enable FFS soft updates support
>> options         UFS_ACL                 # Support for access control lists
>> options         UFS_DIRHASH             # Improve performance on big
>> directories
>> options         UFS_GJOURNAL            # Enable gjournal-based UFS
>> journaling
>> options         MD_ROOT                 # MD is a potential root device
>> options         NFSCLIENT               # Network Filesystem Client
>> options         NFSSERVER               # Network Filesystem Server
>> options         NFS_ROOT                # NFS usable as /, requires
>> NFSCLIENT
>> options         MSDOSFS                 # MSDOS Filesystem
>> options         CD9660                  # ISO 9660 Filesystem
>> options         PROCFS                  # Process filesystem (requires
>> PSEUDOFS)
>> options         PSEUDOFS                # Pseudo-filesystem framework
>> options         GEOM_PART_GPT           # GUID Partition Tables.
>> options         GEOM_LABEL              # Provides labelization
>> options         COMPAT_43TTY            # BSD 4.3 TTY compat [KEEP THIS!]
>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD4         # Compatible with FreeBSD4
>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD5         # Compatible with FreeBSD5
>> options         COMPAT_FREEBSD6         # Compatible with FreeBSD6
>> options         SCSI_DELAY=5000         # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
>> options         KTRACE                  # ktrace(1) support
>> options         SYSVSHM                 # SYSV-style shared memory
>> options         SYSVMSG                 # SYSV-style message queues
>> options         SYSVSEM                 # SYSV-style semaphores
>> options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time
>> extensions
>> options         KBD_INSTALL_CDEV        # install a CDEV entry in /dev
>> options         ADAPTIVE_GIANT          # Giant mutex is adaptive.
>> options         STOP_NMI                # Stop CPUS using NMI instead of
>> IPI
>> options         AUDIT                   # Security event auditing
>> options         SC_DISABLE_REBOOT       # restricao BR Telecom
>> #options                SC_DISABLE_DDBKEY
>> #options                RANDOM_IP_ID    # opcao invalida
>> #options                ICMP_BANDLIM    # opcao invalida
>>
>> # To make an SMP kernel, the next two lines are needed
>> options         SMP                     # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
>> device          apic                    # I/O APIC
>>
>> # CPU frequency control
>> device          cpufreq
>>
>> # Bus support.
>> device          eisa
>> device          pci
>>
>> # Floppy drives
>> device          fdc
>>
>> # ATA and ATAPI devices
>> device          ata
>> device          atadisk         # ATA disk drives
>> device          ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
>> device          atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
>> device          atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
>> device          atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
>> options         ATA_STATIC_ID   # Static device numbering
>>
>> # SCSI Controllers
>> device          ahb             # EISA AHA1742 family
>> device          ahc             # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
>> options         AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
>>                                       # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
>> device          ahd             # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx
>> devices
>> options         AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
>>                                       # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
>> device          amd             # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
>> device          hptiop          # Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series
>> device          isp             # Qlogic family
>> #device         ispfw           # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a
>> module
>> device          mpt             # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
>> #device         ncr             # NCR/Symbios Logic
>> device          sym             # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those
>> of `ncr')
>> device          trm             # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
>>
>> device          adv             # Advansys SCSI adapters
>> device          adw             # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
>> device          aha             # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
>> device          aic             # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters,
>> AIC-6[23]60.
>> device          bt              # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
>>
>> device          ncv             # NCR 53C500
>> device          nsp             # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
>> device          stg             # TMC 18C30/18C50
>>
>> # SCSI peripherals
>> device          scbus           # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
>> device          ch              # SCSI media changers
>> device          da              # Direct Access (disks)
>> device          sa              # Sequential Access (tape etc)
>> device          cd              # CD
>> device          pass            # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
>> device          ses             # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
>>
>> # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
>> device          amr             # AMI MegaRAID
>> device          arcmsr          # Areca SATA II RAID
>> device          asr             # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
>> device          ciss            # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
>> device          dpt             # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for
>> options
>> device          hptmv           # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
>> device          hptrr           # Highpoint RocketRAID 17xx, 22xx, 23xx,
>> 25xx
>> device          iir             # Intel Integrated RAID
>> device          ips             # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
>> device          mly             # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
>> device          twa             # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
>>
>> # RAID controllers
>> device          aac             # Adaptec FSA RAID
>> device          aacp            # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
>> device          ida             # Compaq Smart RAID
>> device          mfi             # LSI MegaRAID SAS
>> device          mlx             # Mylex DAC960 family
>> device          pst             # Promise Supertrak SX6000
>> device          twe             # 3ware ATA RAID
>>
>> # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
>> device          atkbdc          # AT keyboard controller
>> device          atkbd           # AT keyboard
>> device          psm             # PS/2 mouse
>>
>> device          kbdmux          # keyboard multiplexer
>>
>> device          vga             # VGA video card driver
>>
>> device          splash          # Splash screen and screen saver support
>>
>> # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
>> device          sc
>>
>> device          agp             # support several AGP chipsets
>>
>> # Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
>> #device         apm
>> # Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
>> device          pmtimer
>>
>> # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
>> # PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
>> device          cbb             # cardbus (yenta) bridge
>> device          pccard          # PC Card (16-bit) bus
>> device          cardbus         # CardBus (32-bit) bus
>>
>> # Serial (COM) ports
>> device          sio             # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
>> device          uart            # Generic UART driver
>>
>> # Parallel port
>> device          ppc
>> device          ppbus           # Parallel port bus (required)
>> device          lpt             # Printer
>> device          plip            # TCP/IP over parallel
>> device          ppi             # Parallel port interface device
>> #device         vpo             # Requires scbus and da
>>
>> # If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
>> # supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
>> # line to enable it (connects to sio, uart and/or ppc drivers):
>> #device         puc
>>
>> # PCI Ethernet NICs.
>> device          de              # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
>> device          em              # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet
>> Card
>> device          ixgb            # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
>> device          le              # AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx PCnet
>> device          txp             # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
>> device          vx              # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
>>
>> # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
>> # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these
>> NICs!
>> device          miibus          # MII bus support
>> device          bce             # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
>> device          bfe             # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
>> device          bge             # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
>> device          dc              # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
>> device          fxp             # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557,
>> 82558)
>> device          lge             # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit Ethernet
>> device          msk             # Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit
>> Ethernet
>> device          nfe             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet
>> device          nge             # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit Ethernet
>> #device         nve             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet
>> Networking
>> device          pcn             # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over
>> 'le')
>> device          re              # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
>> device          rl              # RealTek 8129/8139
>> device          sf              # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
>> device          sis             # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS
>> 7016
>> device          sk              # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit
>> Ethernet
>> device          ste             # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
>> device          stge            # Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 gigabit Ethernet
>> device          ti              # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit
>> Ethernet
>> device          tl              # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
>> device          tx              # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
>> device          vge             # VIA VT612x gigabit Ethernet
>> device          vr              # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
>> device          wb              # Winbond W89C840F
>> device          xl              # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
>>
>> # ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
>> device          cs              # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
>> # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
>> device          ed              # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
>> device          ex              # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
>> device          ep              # Etherlink III based cards
>> device          fe              # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
>> device          ie              # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
>> device          sn              # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
>> device          xe              # Xircom pccard Ethernet
>>
>> # Wireless NIC cards
>> device          wlan            # 802.11 support
>> device          wlan_wep        # 802.11 WEP support
>> device          wlan_ccmp       # 802.11 CCMP support
>> device          wlan_tkip       # 802.11 TKIP support
>> device          wlan_amrr       # AMRR transmit rate control algorithm
>> device          wlan_scan_ap    # 802.11 AP mode scanning
>> device          wlan_scan_sta   # 802.11 STA mode scanning
>> device          an              # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
>> device          ath             # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's
>> device          ath_hal         # Atheros HAL (Hardware Access Layer)
>> device          ath_rate_sample # SampleRate tx rate control for ath
>> device          awi             # BayStack 660 and others
>> device          ral             # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs.
>> device          wi              # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless
>> NICs.
>> #device         wl              # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
>>
>> # Pseudo devices.
>> device          loop            # Network loopback
>> device          random          # Entropy device
>> device          ether           # Ethernet support
>> device          sl              # Kernel SLIP
>> device          ppp             # Kernel PPP
>> device          tun             # Packet tunnel.
>> device          pty             # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
>> device          md              # Memory "disks"
>> device          gif             # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
>> device          faith           # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
>> device          firmware        # firmware assist module
>>
>> # The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
>> # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
>> # Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
>> #device         bpf             # Berkeley packet filter
>>
>> # USB support
>> device          uhci            # UHCI PCI->USB interface
>> device          ohci            # OHCI PCI->USB interface
>> device          ehci            # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
>> device          usb             # USB Bus (required)
>> #device         udbp            # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
>> device          ugen            # Generic
>> device          uhid            # "Human Interface Devices"
>> device          ukbd            # Keyboard
>> device          ulpt            # Printer
>> device          umass           # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and
>> da
>> device          ums             # Mouse
>> device          ural            # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless NICs
>> device          rum             # Ralink Technology RT2501USB wireless NICs
>> device          urio            # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
>> device          uscanner        # Scanners
>> # USB Ethernet, requires miibus
>> device          aue             # ADMtek USB Ethernet
>> device          axe             # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
>> device          cdce            # Generic USB over Ethernet
>> device          cue             # CATC USB Ethernet
>> device          kue             # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
>> device          rue             # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
>>
>> # FireWire support
>> device          firewire        # FireWire bus code
>> device          sbp             # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and
>> da)
>> device          fwe             # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)
>> device          fwip            # IP over FireWire (RFC 2734,3146)
>> device          dcons           # Dumb console driver
>> device          dcons_crom      # Configuration ROM for dcons
>>
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>>
>> -------------------------
>> Histórico: http://www.fug.com.br/historico/html/freebsd/
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>>
>



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