=========================== F R I E N D S H I P =========================== Original Sender : "M Fahmi Aulia" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> ---------------------------------------------------------------- Buat yg seneng lihat gerhana....B^) Wassalam, The One of Orang Ngganteng di Bandung - engKoh Fahmi - ===koleksi file update 7 Juli 99=== http://bdg.centrin.net.id/~hamimr/koleksi.htm From: A Rusli Sent: Sunday, July 11, 1999 7:55 AM Subject: Fwd: Eclipse Activities > >From: Mary Whitehouse <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > >Subject: Fwd: Eclipse Activities > >Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > >I though you may be interested in this summary from Alan Pickwick - if you > >have not already heard enough about the eclipse. > > > > > >>From: Alan C Pickwick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > >>Subject: Eclipse Activities > >>To: Multiple recipients of list DISCOVER-INFO > >> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > >> > >>Dear All, > >> > >>Please find below a summary of eclipse material that I put together for a > >>recent Institute of Physics training day. I hope you find the activities > >>interesting - please try to get groups to go out and do the experiments. > >> > >>Please pass this on to schools and groups that you are connected to. > >> > >>As you will see, I have mentioned some commercial products. I have no > >>financial interest in any of them. > >> > >>Clear skies for August 11th. > >> > >>Regards, Alan Pickwick > >>Chair, Education Committee, Royal Astronomical Society. > >> > >>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSE BACKGROUND RADIATION EXPERIMENT > >> > >>Does the background radiation change during an eclipse? Join a European > >>co-operative experiment amongst working teachers and senior students. The > >>effect we are looking for may be very small so we need lots of help; all > >>you need is a Geiger counter! This experiment can be done even if it is > >>raining on the day!! Information sheet by email from > >>[EMAIL PROTECTED] or call +44 (0)161 973 6796. > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY - ECLIPSE NEWSPAPER COMPETITION > >> > >>For groups of young people. Write newspaper articles about the August 1999 > >>Eclipse. Superb prizes. Use the Internet. Information sheet by email > >>from [EMAIL PROTECTED] or call +44 (0)161 973 6796. > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>RADIO LISTENING EXPERIMENT > >> > >>Scientists from Oxfordshire's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory are asking the > >>public to help with some unique experiments during the total solar eclipse > >>on August 11th this year. At this time, RAL, in partnership with > >>universities across the UK, will be measuring the effect of the eclipse on > >>the ionosphere - that part of the earth's atmosphere that reflects radio > >>waves - in order to improve our understanding of how the sun creates this > >>important part of our atmosphere. > >> > >>One such station is broadcast from La Coruna in northern Spain on 639 MW. > >>In the UK, this station can only be heard at night. If we hear it on the > >>morning of August 11th, we know the eclipse has had a dramatic effect on > >>the ionosphere. > >> > >>The only equipment you will need is a MW radio. All information is useful > >>to us, so please let us know what happened, even if you did not hear the > >>radio station. For those of you who are interested in doing this experiment > >>in slightly more detail, follow the internet link - > >>www.wdc.rl.ac.uk/ionosondes/eclipse/outline.html > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSELAB - SHADOW BANDS > >> > >>What are Shadow Bands? > >>Shadow bands visible just prior to totality are an eerie phenomenon. They > >>are only seen just before, and just after, a total eclipse. They look like > >>light and dark bands racing across the ground and are often missed by > >>eclipse-watchers. This is partly because people are too busy looking up, > >>but also because the shadow bands are faint and are best seen against > >>smooth, white surfaces. > >> > >>Who can take part? > >>Because shadow bands take place immediately before and after an eclipse, > >>you will only be able to see them if you live in the Path of Totality or > >>right on its edge. For people on the borderline, you may actually have a > >>better view of the shadow bands, as they will be present for longer. > >> > >>The experiment: > >>This experiment aims to find out more about shadow bands as little research > >>has ever been carried out on this phenomenon, and certainly nothing on this > >>scale. We want to find out whether you experience shadow bands in your > >>area, when they appear and for how long, how clear they are, their spacing, > >>their direction and speed. > >> > >>The science: > >>Shadow bands are like the light and dark streaks you see on the bottom of a > >>sunlit swimming pool, caused by ripples on the surface of the water. But it > >>isn't rippling water that makes shadow bands, it's 'ripples' in the > >>atmosphere. The ripples are variations in the atmosphere, warmer and cooler > >>air masses. We know about these variations because of the twinkling of > >>stars. > >> > >>More information is available at - www.nmsi.ac.uk/eclipse/eclipselab > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSELAB - SUPER COOL > >> > >>What happens when the Sun can't shine? > >>When we experience an eclipse we can see that the Moon has blocked the > >>Sun's light and we can feel that it has also blocked the Sun's heat. The > >>temperature rapidly drops as the Moon's shadow arrives and then reverts > >>back after the eclipse recedes. Using a wet and dry-bulb thermometer we can > >>measure this temperature drop around the country and find out how the > >>eclipse affects the atmosphere's humidity. > >> > >>Temperature and humidity vary all the time with the weather, so in order to > >>see what effect the eclipse has, it is important to take measurements on > >>some days before and after eclipse day, as well as on 11 August 1999 > >>itself. Ideally, record the temperatures in your location over five days, > >>i.e. taking measurements from Monday 9th to Friday 13th August 1999. Even > >>if you are unable to make checks on each of these days, please do send us > >>what you have. All your research has real scientific value. > >> > >>More information is available at - www.nmsi.ac.uk/eclipse/eclipselab > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSELAB - SOLAR CORONA > >> > >>Here's what you do: > >> > >>While the Sun is only partly covered by the Moon, you will need to wear > >>solar viewers to protect your eyes. Use this time to sketch an outline of > >>the Sun's shape. > >> > >>When the Sun is totally eclipsed, you can remove your solar viewers. Look > >>carefully at the corona. This is a pale, glowing halo around the Sun. It is > >>the thin outer atmosphere of the Sun. As well as the solar corona, you may > >>also see prominences. A prominence is a mass of hot gas rising up from the > >>Sun's surface. These will require much more skill to sketch accurately. > >> > >>As the Sun begins to appear again from behind the Moon, turn away and start > >>to sketch what you saw. Don't forget to write on your picture the exact > >>times the solar corona appeared and disappeared. > >> > >>Don't miss the experience of a lifetime! Sit back and enjoy the show while > >>the eclipse is total. Once the Sun begins to re-emerge, start to sketch > >>what you saw. > >> > >>More information is available at - www.nmsi.ac.uk/eclipse/eclipselab > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>WILL ECLIPSES GO ON FOREVER? > >> > >>By chance the Sun and Moon are of similar apparent size as seen from the > >>Earth. Will this always be so? > >> > >>The Apollo astronauts set up retro-reflectors on the Moon. Using laser > >>ranging from Earth, we can measure the Earth-Moon distance and show that it > >>is moving away at about 3.8 cm per year due to Moon-induced tides in the > >>Earth. So the Moon's apparent size is getting smaller. > >> > >>However the Sun is evolving naturally, eventually to become a Red Giant. > >>It still has about 5 billion years to go before that happens but it is > >>expanding by about 6 cm per year. So the Sun is getting larger. > >> > >>The result of all this, and of slight orbital variations, is that in 250 > >>million years the Sun and Moon will seem to be the same size. After that > >>there will only be Annular Eclipses, where a ring of the Sun is always > >>visible. > >> > >>Guillermo Gonzalez, June 1999, Astronomy and Geophysics, pages 3.18-3.20. > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSE '99 - CAPTURE IT ON FILM > >> > >> H J P Arnold, IoP Publishing. 0-7503-0619-X 5.95 gbp > >> > >>Size of image of Sun on film = focal length / 110. > >> > >>So 50 mm lens produces an image of 0.45 mm diameter - too small. Hence > >>you need a 300, 500 or 1000 mm lens. Perhaps it is better to project using > >>binoculars or a small telescope. Very successful for the partial phases. > >> > >>Always take two normal photographs at the start of the film to help the > >>processing laboratory cut your negatives in the right place!! > >> > >>For direct photography in the partial phases, buy an approved neutral > >>density 5 (factor of 100 000) and fit it in front of the camera lens. Note > >>that with an f/8 lens, neutral density 5 is so dense you can't see the > >>image in the viewfinder clearly enough to focus on it and the exposure time > >>is too long, 1/15th second at f/8 with 400 ASA film, to hold the camera > >>steady. In this case use an approved neutral density 4 filter (factor of > >>10 000). > >> > >>For the totality, remove the filter and with 400 ASA film, use 1/60th > >>second at f/8 for the inner corona and 1/8th for the outer corona. For the > >>diamond ring, try 1/250th, but be careful of your eyes. > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>STANFORD SOLAR VIEWER > >> > >>A hard plastic 160 x 60 mm. Robust and useful for sunspot viewing > >>afterwards! > >>Available from Science Line - UK on Lo-call +44 (0)345 600 444. About 5.00 > >>gbp > >>ScienceNet: http://www.sciencenet.org.uk > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ASE ECLIPSE ACTIVITY PACKS: > >> > >>Total Eclipse of the Sun: Activities for Primary Schools. 7.50 gbp inc p&p > >>Total Eclipse of the Sun: Activities for Secondary Schools. 7.50 gbp inc > >>p&p > >> > >>Association for Science Education > >>Booksales Department > >>College Lane > >>Hatfield, Herts > >>AL10 9AA > >>Tel: +44 (0)1707 283001 Fax: +44 (0)800 371856 > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON ECLIPSE VIDEO > >> > >>Excellent video lasting about 25 minutes. KS 2,3 and 4. 14.45 gbp inc p&p > >>(UK) > >> > >>UCL Images, 48 Riding House Street, London, W1P 7PL > >>Tel: +44 (0)171 504 9375 Fax: +44 (0)171 436 1738 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>GM COUNTERS LINKED TO COMPUTERS > >> > >>Available from Aware Electronics Corp. Will run on an old DOS machine. I > >>have been collecting background readings for six months and I think I can > >>see a daily (diurnal) variation of about one percent. Much extra work will > >>be needed to ensure that it is not an instrumental effect - temperature, > >>air flow, mains supply variations ... > >> > >>Several hundred dollars, but behaves as advertised (for many years in > >>Scientific American!!). > >> > >>Aware Electronics Corp. > >>PO Box 4299 > >>Wilmington > >>DE 19807 > >>USA > >> > >>Tel: 001 800 729 5397 > >>Fax: 001 302 655 3800 > >>http://www.aw-el.com/ > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>UK WEB ADDRESSES: > >> > >>Eclipse 99 - Main UK Site: > >> http://www.eclipse.org.uk/ > >> > >>Radio Propagation Experiments: > >>http://www.wdc.rl.ac.uk/ionosondes/eclipse/outline.html > >> > >>Eclipse Lab. Shadow Bands, Corona and Super Cool Experiments: > >> http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/eclipse/eclipselab > >> > >>++++++ > >> > >>ECLIPSE POETRY AND PROSE > >> > >>>From the Web pages compiled by David Le Conte. > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"Here lie the bodies of Ho and Hi, > >>Whose fate, though sad, is risible; > >>Being slain because they could not spy > >>Th' eclipse which was invisible." > >> > >>Author unknown > >>Said to refer to the Chinese eclipse of 2136 BC or 2159 BC. > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"On that day, says the Lord God, > >>I will make the sun go down at noon > >>and darken the earth in broad daylight." > >> > >>Said to refer to the solar eclipse of 15 June 763 BC. > >>From: Amos, Chapter 8, verse 9 (Old Testament) > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"Zeus, the father of the > >>Olympic Gods, turned > >>mid-day into night, hiding the light > >>of the dazzling Sun; > >>and sore fear came upon men." > >> > >>Archilochus (c680-c640 BC), Greek poet > >>Refers to the total solar eclipse of 6 April 648 BC. > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"Duke Hsiang, 24th year, 7th month, day chia-tzu, the first day of the > >>Moon. The Sun was eclipsed and it was total." > >> > >>Refers to a total solar eclipse of 19 June 549 BC. > >>From: Ch'un-ch'iu, book IX (Chinese). > >>Quoted in Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation, by F Richard > >>Stephenson, Cambridge University Press, 1997, page 226. > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"And the moon in haste eclipsed her, > >>and the Sun in anger swore > >>He would curl his wick within him > >>and give light to you no more." > >> > >>Said to refer to a lunar eclipse of 425 BC, and an annular solar eclipse of > >>424 BC. > >>Aristophanese (Greek, c450-385 BC) Chorus of Clouds (423BC) > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"I will show portents in the sky and on earth, > >>blood and fire and columns of smoke; > >>the sun shall be turned into darkness > >>and the moon into blood > >>before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes." > >> > >>Joel, Chapter 2, verses 30, 31 (Old Testament). > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"High on her speculative tower > >>Stood Science waiting for the hour > >>When Sol was destined to endure > >>That darkening of his radiant face > >>Which Superstition strove to chase, > >>Erewhile, with rites impure." > >> > >>William Wordsworth The Eclipse of the Sun, 1820 > >> > >>+++ > >> > >>"They call it a great wonder > >>That the Sun would not > >>though the sky was cloudless > >>Shine warm upon the men." > >> > >>Sighvald, Icelandic poet. > >>Said to refer to a solar eclipse of AD 1030, during a battle near Trondheim ---------------------------------------------------------------- Friendship MailingList is provided by PT Centrin Utama Maintained by : [EMAIL PROTECTED] To Post a msg : Mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] To Unsubscribe : Mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] . 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