> Sometime, probably in the very early 90's, the PRAM battery became
> unnecessary except to keep a clock running.
>
> With time servers on the net even that requirement has disappeared for
> connected installations and even for portables that can see a cell phone
> tower.

With the passage of time, the "leakage" current of the CMOS circuitry was
improved to the point that the persistent parameters could be retained for
years, even if no battery was present.

However, as the RTC function cycles the circuitry one every 1/32,000-ths
of a second * , there is some external power required for this function.

* The actual crystal is 32,768 Hz, and it can be fine-tuned using an
external variable capacitor.



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