"gcc version 4.4.0 20081123 (experimental) (GCC)" rejects the code:
class base { public: base(); virtual ~base(); private: int& int_ref; // initialized by base ctor, not visible here }; class derived : public base { }; base *make_derived() { return new derived(); } with the error: test.cc: In function 'base* make_derived()': test.cc:14: error: value-initialization of reference 4.3.2 accepts this code, the Comeau test drive accepts it, and AFAICT there's nothing wrong with it. Adding a user-supplied default ctor to 'derived' fixes it. This was build from a GCC trunk checkout as of this evening: Using built-in specs. Target: i686-linux Configured with: ../trunk/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --build=i686-linux --host=i686-linux --target=i686-linux --prefix=/g/users/cgd/proj/gcc-trunk/bld/../inst Thread model: posix gcc version 4.4.0 20081123 (experimental) (GCC) -- Summary: "value-initialization of reference" warning too strict Product: gcc Version: 4.4.0 Status: UNCONFIRMED Severity: normal Priority: P3 Component: c++ AssignedTo: unassigned at gcc dot gnu dot org ReportedBy: cgd at google dot com GCC build triplet: i686-linux GCC host triplet: i686-linux GCC target triplet: i686-linux http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=38232