https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58770

Tom Tromey <tromey at gcc dot gnu.org> changed:

           What    |Removed                     |Added
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                 CC|                            |tromey at gcc dot gnu.org

--- Comment #3 from Tom Tromey <tromey at gcc dot gnu.org> ---
I think the difference is the code in libcpp/files.c:should_stack_file
that starts:

  /* Now we've read the file's contents, we can stack it if there
     are no once-only files.  */
  if (!pfile->seen_once_only)
    return true;

Any use of "#pragma once" sets this flag.
This then leads to a loop over all headers, so n^2 behavior.

I think the rationale for this code is that the #pragma must
prevent a second inclusion, even if done by a different file
name; whereas #ifdef exclusion doesn't suffer from this issue.

One possible fix might be to use a hash table rather than a
linked list for finding potential duplicates.

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