https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=78809
--- Comment #33 from Qing Zhao <qing.zhao at oracle dot com> --- with SPEC2017 on X86, I didn't see any run-time performance change as expected. due to the date I collected for code size change, looks like that n=3 or n=4 might be a reasonable default. n=3 might be safer.