https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105233
--- Comment #2 from Jakub Jelinek <jakub at gcc dot gnu.org> --- // If the shift exponent equals _Nd then the correct result is not // representable as a value of _Tp, and so the result is undefined. // Want that undefined behaviour to be detected in constant expressions, // by UBSan, and by debug assertions. if (!std::__is_constant_evaluated()) { __glibcxx_assert( __shift_exponent != __int_traits<_Tp>::__digits ); } is what is in the header.