https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105289
--- Comment #2 from Michael Steinberg <michsteinb at gmail dot com> --- Created attachment 52851 --> https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=52851&action=edit Working modified partial specialization After the related issue was pointed out, it too made me curious whether my code is valid, that is whether the partial specialization is truly more specialized than the primary template. So I modified the specialization so that Arg is at least as constrained as in the primary template - et voila, the ICE is gone and the code is accepted. This makes me believe that the classification 'ice-on-valid-code' may not be true after all?