https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=115402

            Bug ID: 115402
           Summary: std::atomic_ref<volatile T> compile-error in
                    compare_exchange_[weak/strong]() and wait()
           Product: gcc
           Version: 15.0
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P3
         Component: libstdc++
          Assignee: unassigned at gcc dot gnu.org
          Reporter: lewissbaker.opensource at gmail dot com
  Target Milestone: ---

See https://godbolt.org/z/q4jYvPaah

The following code-snippet fails to compile:

 volatile int vi = 0;
 std::atomic_ref<volatile int> vref(vi);
 int val = vref.load(); // ok
 vref.exchange(val); // ok
 vref.compare_exchange_weak(val, 0); // error
 vref.compare_exchange_strong(val, 0); // error
 vref.wait(0); // error

Fails with error messages like:

.../include/c++/15.0.0/bits/atomic_base.h: In instantiation of 'bool
std::__atomic_ref<_Tp, true, false>::compare_exchange_weak(_Tp&, _Tp,
std::memory_order, std::memory_order) const [with _Tp = volatile int]':
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20240609/include/c++/15.0.0/bits/atomic_base.h:1674:30:
  required from 'bool std::__atomic_ref<_Tp, true,
false>::compare_exchange_weak(_Tp&, _Tp, std::memory_order) const [with _Tp =
volatile int]'
 1674 |         return compare_exchange_weak(__expected, __desired, __order,
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 1675 |                                      __cmpexch_failure_order(__order));
      |                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
<source>:8:31:   required from here
    8 |     vref.compare_exchange_weak(val, 0); // error
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
.../include/c++/15.0.0/bits/atomic_base.h:1656:58: error: binding reference of
type 'std::__atomic_impl::_Val<volatile int>&' {aka 'int&'} to 'volatile int'
discards qualifiers
 1656 |         return __atomic_impl::compare_exchange_weak<true>(
      |                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
 1657 |                  _M_ptr, __expected, __desired, __success, __failure);
      |                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.../include/c++/15.0.0/bits/atomic_base.h:1119:52: note:   initializing
argument 2 of 'bool std::__atomic_impl::compare_exchange_weak(_Tp*, _Val<_Tp>&,
_Val<_Tp>, std::memory_order, std::memory_order, bool) [with bool _AtomicRef =
true; _Tp = volatile int; _Val<_Tp> = int]'
 1119 |       compare_exchange_weak(_Tp* __ptr, _Val<_Tp>& __expected,
      |                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~

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