https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=121299
--- Comment #1 from Andrew Pinski <pinskia at gcc dot gnu.org> --- (note edg also accepts it). inline namespace B { namespace C { void foo(); } } namespace C { void bar(); } What GCC, clang and EDG all do for the above is the last `namespace C` is really namespace B::C. If we move the second namespace C block to above the inline namespace, the compiling fails as it should.