This tries to fix all the UBSAN issues in the reassoc case of fold_binary
by never generating any NEGATE_EXPRs from split_tree or association.
This means we have to track minus_var/minus_con and appropriately 
transform.

Bootstrapped and tested on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, applied to trunk.

This FAILs gcc.dg/tree-ssa/reassoc-23.c because we now optimize this
during FRE1 (after folding in a way that allows CSE to catch this).
Slightly uglifying the testcase exposes a missed optimization in
reassoc so I'm going to fix that separately.

Richard.

2017-08-03 Richard Biener  <rguent...@suse.de>

        PR middle-end/81148
        * fold-const.c (split_tree): Add minus_var and minus_con
        arguments, remove unused loc arg.  Never generate NEGATE_EXPRs
        here but always use minus_*.
        (associate_trees): Assert we never associate with MINUS_EXPR
        and NULL first operand.  Do not recurse for PLUS_EXPR operands
        when associating as MINUS_EXPR either.
        (fold_binary_loc): Track minus_var and minus_con.

        * c-c++-common/ubsan/pr81148.c: New testcase.

Index: gcc/fold-const.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/fold-const.c    (revision 250818)
+++ gcc/fold-const.c    (working copy)
@@ -108,8 +108,6 @@ enum comparison_code {
 
 static bool negate_expr_p (tree);
 static tree negate_expr (tree);
-static tree split_tree (location_t, tree, tree, enum tree_code,
-                       tree *, tree *, tree *, int);
 static tree associate_trees (location_t, tree, tree, enum tree_code, tree);
 static enum comparison_code comparison_to_compcode (enum tree_code);
 static enum tree_code compcode_to_comparison (enum comparison_code);
@@ -775,12 +773,14 @@ negate_expr (tree t)
    same type as IN, but they will have the same signedness and mode.  */
 
 static tree
-split_tree (location_t loc, tree in, tree type, enum tree_code code,
-           tree *conp, tree *litp, tree *minus_litp, int negate_p)
+split_tree (tree in, tree type, enum tree_code code,
+           tree *minus_varp, tree *conp, tree *minus_conp,
+           tree *litp, tree *minus_litp, int negate_p)
 {
   tree var = 0;
-
+  *minus_varp = 0;
   *conp = 0;
+  *minus_conp = 0;
   *litp = 0;
   *minus_litp = 0;
 
@@ -834,27 +834,19 @@ split_tree (location_t loc, tree in, tre
       if (neg_litp_p)
        *minus_litp = *litp, *litp = 0;
       if (neg_conp_p && *conp)
-       {
-         /* Convert to TYPE before negating.  */
-         *conp = fold_convert_loc (loc, type, *conp);
-         *conp = negate_expr (*conp);
-       }
+       *minus_conp = *conp, *conp = 0;
       if (neg_var_p && var)
-       {
-         /* Convert to TYPE before negating.  */
-         var = fold_convert_loc (loc, type, var);
-         var = negate_expr (var);
-       }
+       *minus_varp = var, var = 0;
     }
   else if (TREE_CONSTANT (in))
     *conp = in;
   else if (TREE_CODE (in) == BIT_NOT_EXPR
           && code == PLUS_EXPR)
     {
-      /* -X - 1 is folded to ~X, undo that here.  Do _not_ do this
-         when IN is constant.  Convert to TYPE before negating.  */
-      *minus_litp = build_one_cst (type);
-      var = negate_expr (fold_convert_loc (loc, type, TREE_OPERAND (in, 0)));
+      /* -1 - X is folded to ~X, undo that here.  Do _not_ do this
+         when IN is constant.  */
+      *litp = build_minus_one_cst (type);
+      *minus_varp = TREE_OPERAND (in, 0);
     }
   else
     var = in;
@@ -866,17 +858,13 @@ split_tree (location_t loc, tree in, tre
       else if (*minus_litp)
        *litp = *minus_litp, *minus_litp = 0;
       if (*conp)
-       {
-         /* Convert to TYPE before negating.  */
-         *conp = fold_convert_loc (loc, type, *conp);
-         *conp = negate_expr (*conp);
-       }
+       *minus_conp = *conp, *conp = 0;
+      else if (*minus_conp)
+       *conp = *minus_conp, *minus_conp = 0;
       if (var)
-       {
-         /* Convert to TYPE before negating.  */
-         var = fold_convert_loc (loc, type, var);
-         var = negate_expr (var);
-       }
+       *minus_varp = var, var = 0;
+      else if (*minus_varp)
+       var = *minus_varp, *minus_varp = 0;
     }
 
   if (*litp
@@ -898,7 +886,10 @@ static tree
 associate_trees (location_t loc, tree t1, tree t2, enum tree_code code, tree 
type)
 {
   if (t1 == 0)
-    return t2;
+    {
+      gcc_assert (t2 == 0 || code != MINUS_EXPR);
+      return t2;
+    }
   else if (t2 == 0)
     return t1;
 
@@ -906,6 +897,7 @@ associate_trees (location_t loc, tree t1
      try to fold this since we will have infinite recursion.  But do
      deal with any NEGATE_EXPRs.  */
   if (TREE_CODE (t1) == code || TREE_CODE (t2) == code
+      || TREE_CODE (t1) == PLUS_EXPR || TREE_CODE (t2) == PLUS_EXPR
       || TREE_CODE (t1) == MINUS_EXPR || TREE_CODE (t2) == MINUS_EXPR)
     {
       if (code == PLUS_EXPR)
@@ -9560,8 +9552,8 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
       if ((! FLOAT_TYPE_P (type) || flag_associative_math)
          && !TYPE_SATURATING (type))
        {
-         tree var0, con0, lit0, minus_lit0;
-         tree var1, con1, lit1, minus_lit1;
+         tree var0, minus_var0, con0, minus_con0, lit0, minus_lit0;
+         tree var1, minus_var1, con1, minus_con1, lit1, minus_lit1;
          tree atype = type;
          bool ok = true;
 
@@ -9570,10 +9562,12 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
             then the result with variables.  This increases the chances of
             literals being recombined later and of generating relocatable
             expressions for the sum of a constant and literal.  */
-         var0 = split_tree (loc, arg0, type, code,
-                            &con0, &lit0, &minus_lit0, 0);
-         var1 = split_tree (loc, arg1, type, code,
-                            &con1, &lit1, &minus_lit1, code == MINUS_EXPR);
+         var0 = split_tree (arg0, type, code,
+                            &minus_var0, &con0, &minus_con0,
+                            &lit0, &minus_lit0, 0);
+         var1 = split_tree (arg1, type, code,
+                            &minus_var1, &con1, &minus_con1,
+                            &lit1, &minus_lit1, code == MINUS_EXPR);
 
          /* Recombine MINUS_EXPR operands by using PLUS_EXPR.  */
          if (code == MINUS_EXPR)
@@ -9600,6 +9594,8 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
            {
              if (var0 && var1)
                {
+                 /* ???  If split_tree would handle NEGATE_EXPR we could
+                    simplify this down to the var0/minus_var1 cases.  */
                  tree tmp0 = var0;
                  tree tmp1 = var1;
                  bool one_neg = false;
@@ -9630,22 +9626,46 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
                      || !operand_equal_p (tmp0, tmp1, 0))
                    ok = false;
                }
+             else if ((var0 && minus_var1
+                       && ! operand_equal_p (var0, minus_var1, 0))
+                      || (minus_var0 && var1
+                          && ! operand_equal_p (minus_var0, var1, 0)))
+               ok = false;
            }
 
          /* Only do something if we found more than two objects.  Otherwise,
             nothing has changed and we risk infinite recursion.  */
          if (ok
              && (2 < ((var0 != 0) + (var1 != 0)
+                      + (minus_var0 != 0) + (minus_var1 != 0)
                       + (con0 != 0) + (con1 != 0)
+                      + (minus_con0 != 0) + (minus_con1 != 0)
                       + (lit0 != 0) + (lit1 != 0)
                       + (minus_lit0 != 0) + (minus_lit1 != 0))))
            {
              var0 = associate_trees (loc, var0, var1, code, atype);
+             minus_var0 = associate_trees (loc, minus_var0, minus_var1,
+                                           code, atype);
              con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, con1, code, atype);
+             minus_con0 = associate_trees (loc, minus_con0, minus_con1,
+                                           code, atype);
              lit0 = associate_trees (loc, lit0, lit1, code, atype);
              minus_lit0 = associate_trees (loc, minus_lit0, minus_lit1,
                                            code, atype);
 
+             if (minus_var0 && var0)
+               {
+                 var0 = associate_trees (loc, var0, minus_var0,
+                                         MINUS_EXPR, atype);
+                 minus_var0 = 0;
+               }
+             if (minus_con0 && con0)
+               {
+                 con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, minus_con0,
+                                         MINUS_EXPR, atype);
+                 minus_con0 = 0;
+               }
+
              /* Preserve the MINUS_EXPR if the negative part of the literal is
                 greater than the positive part.  Otherwise, the multiplicative
                 folding code (i.e extract_muldiv) may be fooled in case
@@ -9655,7 +9675,9 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
                {
                  if (TREE_CODE (lit0) == INTEGER_CST
                      && TREE_CODE (minus_lit0) == INTEGER_CST
-                     && tree_int_cst_lt (lit0, minus_lit0))
+                     && tree_int_cst_lt (lit0, minus_lit0)
+                     /* But avoid ending up with only negated parts.  */
+                     && (var0 || con0))
                    {
                      minus_lit0 = associate_trees (loc, minus_lit0, lit0,
                                                    MINUS_EXPR, atype);
@@ -9674,25 +9696,38 @@ fold_binary_loc (location_t loc,
                  || (minus_lit0 && TREE_OVERFLOW_P (minus_lit0)))
                return NULL_TREE;
 
-             if (minus_lit0)
+             /* Eliminate lit0 and minus_lit0 to con0 and minus_con0. */
+             con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, lit0, code, atype);
+             lit0 = 0;
+             minus_con0 = associate_trees (loc, minus_con0, minus_lit0,
+                                           code, atype);
+             minus_lit0 = 0;
+
+             /* Eliminate minus_con0.  */
+             if (minus_con0)
                {
-                 if (con0 == 0)
-                   return
-                     fold_convert_loc (loc, type,
-                                       associate_trees (loc, var0, minus_lit0,
-                                                        MINUS_EXPR, atype));
+                 if (con0)
+                   con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, minus_con0,
+                                           MINUS_EXPR, atype);
+                 else if (var0)
+                   var0 = associate_trees (loc, var0, minus_con0,
+                                           MINUS_EXPR, atype);
                  else
-                   {
-                     con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, minus_lit0,
-                                             MINUS_EXPR, atype);
-                     return
-                       fold_convert_loc (loc, type,
-                                         associate_trees (loc, var0, con0,
-                                                          PLUS_EXPR, atype));
-                   }
+                   gcc_unreachable ();
+                 minus_con0 = 0;
+               }
+
+             /* Eliminate minus_var0.  */
+             if (minus_var0)
+               {
+                 if (con0)
+                   con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, minus_var0,
+                                           MINUS_EXPR, atype);
+                 else
+                   gcc_unreachable ();
+                 minus_var0 = 0;
                }
 
-             con0 = associate_trees (loc, con0, lit0, code, atype);
              return
                fold_convert_loc (loc, type, associate_trees (loc, var0, con0,
                                                              code, atype));
Index: gcc/testsuite/c-c++-common/ubsan/pr81148.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/testsuite/c-c++-common/ubsan/pr81148.c  (nonexistent)
+++ gcc/testsuite/c-c++-common/ubsan/pr81148.c  (working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error" } */
+
+int x = -106;
+int main()
+{
+  // -123 - (0x8000000000000000 - -1)
+  return (-123 - ((9223372036854775806LL ^ ~(x && 1)) - -1)) == 0;
+}

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