In C++11 and C++14 any odr-use of these constants requires a definition
at namespace-scope.  In C++17 they are implicitly inline and so the
namespace-scope redeclarations are redundant (and allowing them is
deprecated).

        PR libstdc++/85098
        * include/bits/regex.h [__cplusplus < 201703L] (basic_regex::icase)
        (basic_regex::nosubs, basic_regex::optimize, basic_regex::collate)
        (basic_regex::ECMAScript, basic_regex::basic, basic_regex::extended)
        (basic_regex::awk, basic_regex::grep, basic_regex::egrep): Add
        definitions.
        * include/bits/regex_automaton.h (_NFA::_M_insert_state): Adjust
        whitespace.
        * include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc (__INSERT_REGEX_MATCHER): Add
        braces around body of do-while.
        * testsuite/28_regex/basic_regex/85098.cc: New

I think we should backport this to the branches, although nobody seems
to have ever noticed the bug until recently (and it's not a
regression).

Tested powerpc64le-linux, committed to trunk.

commit fcb6ab3a65df7123d6bab6567fbc57f4542cbbad
Author: Jonathan Wakely <jwak...@redhat.com>
Date:   Fri May 18 15:56:17 2018 +0100

    PR libstdc++/85098 add missing definitions for static constants
    
    In C++11 and C++14 any odr-use of these constants requires a definition
    at namespace-scope.  In C++17 they are implicitly inline and so the
    namespace-scope redeclarations are redundant (and allowing them is
    deprecated).
    
            PR libstdc++/85098
            * include/bits/regex.h [__cplusplus < 201703L] (basic_regex::icase)
            (basic_regex::nosubs, basic_regex::optimize, basic_regex::collate)
            (basic_regex::ECMAScript, basic_regex::basic, basic_regex::extended)
            (basic_regex::awk, basic_regex::grep, basic_regex::egrep): Add
            definitions.
            * include/bits/regex_automaton.h (_NFA::_M_insert_state): Adjust
            whitespace.
            * include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc (__INSERT_REGEX_MATCHER): Add
            braces around body of do-while.
            * testsuite/28_regex/basic_regex/85098.cc: New

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
index 92cf96c7e70..12e830b2c68 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
@@ -776,6 +776,48 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
       _AutomatonPtr    _M_automaton;
     };
 
+#if __cplusplus < 201703L
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::icase;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::nosubs;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::optimize;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::collate;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::ECMAScript;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::basic;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::extended;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::awk;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::grep;
+
+  template<typename _Ch, typename _Tr>
+    constexpr regex_constants::syntax_option_type
+    basic_regex<_Ch, _Tr>::egrep;
+#endif // ! C++17
+
 #if __cpp_deduction_guides >= 201606
   template<typename _ForwardIterator>
     basic_regex(_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator,
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_automaton.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_automaton.h
index ff87dcc245d..11a31acbefe 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_automaton.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_automaton.h
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ namespace __detail
            "Number of NFA states exceeds limit. Please use shorter regex "
            "string, or use smaller brace expression, or make "
            "_GLIBCXX_REGEX_STATE_LIMIT larger.");
-       return this->size()-1;
+       return this->size() - 1;
       }
 
       // Eliminate dummy node in this NFA to make it compact.
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc
index 3342f146c9d..8af920e5fe9 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ namespace __detail
     }
 
 #define __INSERT_REGEX_MATCHER(__func, ...)\
-       do\
+       do {\
          if (!(_M_flags & regex_constants::icase))\
            if (!(_M_flags & regex_constants::collate))\
              __func<false, false>(__VA_ARGS__);\
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ namespace __detail
              __func<true, false>(__VA_ARGS__);\
            else\
              __func<true, true>(__VA_ARGS__);\
-       while (false)
+       } while (false)
 
   template<typename _TraitsT>
     bool
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/basic_regex/85098.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/basic_regex/85098.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..173b1901a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/basic_regex/85098.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-options "-O0" }
+// { dg-do link { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <regex>
+
+void f(const std::regex_constants::syntax_option_type&) { }
+
+void
+test01()
+{
+  f(std::regex::icase);
+  f(std::regex::nosubs);
+  f(std::regex::optimize);
+  f(std::regex::collate);
+  f(std::regex::ECMAScript);
+  f(std::regex::basic);
+  f(std::regex::extended);
+  f(std::regex::awk);
+  f(std::regex::grep);
+  f(std::regex::egrep);
+  // f(std::regex::multiline);
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  test01();
+}

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