Here we're crashing ultimately because the mechanism for delaying
substitution into a requires-expression (or constexpr if) doesn't
expect to see dependent args.  But we end up capturing dependent
args here when substituting into the default template argument during
coerce_template_parms for the dependent specialization p<T>.

This patch enables the commented out code in add_extra_args for
handling this situation.  It turns out we also need to make a copy of
the captured arguments so that coerce_template_parms doesn't later
add to the argument, which would form an unexpected cycle.  And we
need to make tsubst_template_args more forgiving about missing template
arguments, since the arguments we capture from coerce_template_parms are
incomplete.

Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
trunk/11?

        PR c++/101181

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        * constraint.cc (tsubst_requires_expr): Pass complain/in_decl to
        add_extra_args.
        * cp-tree.h (add_extra_args): Add complain/in_decl parameters.
        * pt.c (build_extra_args): Make a copy of args.
        (add_extra_args): Add complain/in_decl parameters.  Handle the
        case where the extra arguments are dependent.
        (tsubst_pack_expansion): Pass complain/in_decl to
        add_extra_args.
        (tsubst_template_args): Handle missing template arguments.
        (tsubst_expr) <case IF_STMT>: Pass complain/in_decl to
        add_extra_args.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C: New test.
        * g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          |  3 +-
 gcc/cp/cp-tree.h                              |  2 +-
 gcc/cp/pt.c                                   | 31 +++++++++----------
 .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C        | 18 +++++++++++
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C  | 22 +++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
index 99d3ccc6998..4ee5215df50 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
@@ -2266,7 +2266,8 @@ tsubst_requires_expr (tree t, tree args, sat_info info)
   /* A requires-expression is an unevaluated context.  */
   cp_unevaluated u;
 
-  args = add_extra_args (REQUIRES_EXPR_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args);
+  args = add_extra_args (REQUIRES_EXPR_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args,
+                        info.complain, info.in_decl);
   if (processing_template_decl)
     {
       /* We're partially instantiating a generic lambda.  Substituting into
diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index 58da7460001..0a5f13489cc 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -7289,7 +7289,7 @@ extern void add_mergeable_specialization        (bool 
is_decl, bool is_alias,
                                                 tree outer, unsigned);
 extern tree add_to_template_args               (tree, tree);
 extern tree add_outermost_template_args                (tree, tree);
-extern tree add_extra_args                     (tree, tree);
+extern tree add_extra_args                     (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t, 
tree);
 extern tree build_extra_args                   (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
 
 /* in rtti.c */
diff --git a/gcc/cp/pt.c b/gcc/cp/pt.c
index 06116d16887..e4bdac087ad 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/pt.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/pt.c
@@ -12928,7 +12928,9 @@ extract_local_specs (tree pattern, tsubst_flags_t 
complain)
 tree
 build_extra_args (tree pattern, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain)
 {
-  tree extra = args;
+  /* Make a copy of the extra arguments so that they won't get changed
+     from under us.  */
+  tree extra = copy_template_args (args);
   if (local_specializations)
     if (tree locals = extract_local_specs (pattern, complain))
       extra = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, extra, locals);
@@ -12939,7 +12941,7 @@ build_extra_args (tree pattern, tree args, 
tsubst_flags_t complain)
    normal template args to ARGS.  */
 
 tree
-add_extra_args (tree extra, tree args)
+add_extra_args (tree extra, tree args, tsubst_flags_t complain, tree in_decl)
 {
   if (extra && TREE_CODE (extra) == TREE_LIST)
     {
@@ -12959,20 +12961,14 @@ add_extra_args (tree extra, tree args)
       gcc_assert (!TREE_PURPOSE (extra));
       extra = TREE_VALUE (extra);
     }
-#if 1
-  /* I think we should always be able to substitute dependent args into the
-     pattern.  If that turns out to be incorrect in some cases, enable the
-     alternate code (and add complain/in_decl parms to this function).  */
-  gcc_checking_assert (!uses_template_parms (extra));
-#else
-  if (!uses_template_parms (extra))
+  if (uses_template_parms (extra))
     {
-      gcc_unreachable ();
+      /* This can happen during dependent substitution into a requires-expr
+        or a lambda that uses constexpr if.  */
       extra = tsubst_template_args (extra, args, complain, in_decl);
       args = add_outermost_template_args (args, extra);
     }
   else
-#endif
     args = add_to_template_args (extra, args);
   return args;
 }
@@ -12998,7 +12994,7 @@ tsubst_pack_expansion (tree t, tree args, 
tsubst_flags_t complain,
   pattern = PACK_EXPANSION_PATTERN (t);
 
   /* Add in any args remembered from an earlier partial instantiation.  */
-  args = add_extra_args (PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args);
+  args = add_extra_args (PACK_EXPANSION_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args, complain, 
in_decl);
 
   levels = TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args);
 
@@ -13370,7 +13366,9 @@ tsubst_template_args (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t 
complain, tree in_decl)
       tree orig_arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (t, i);
       tree new_arg;
 
-      if (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == TREE_VEC)
+      if (!orig_arg)
+       new_arg = NULL_TREE;
+      else if (TREE_CODE (orig_arg) == TREE_VEC)
        new_arg = tsubst_template_args (orig_arg, args, complain, in_decl);
       else if (PACK_EXPANSION_P (orig_arg))
         {
@@ -13420,8 +13418,9 @@ tsubst_template_args (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t 
complain, tree in_decl)
     }
   for (i = 0, out = 0; i < len; i++)
     {
-      if ((PACK_EXPANSION_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_t, i))
-           || ARGUMENT_PACK_P (TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_t, i)))
+      tree orig_arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (orig_t, i);
+      if (orig_arg
+         && (PACK_EXPANSION_P (orig_arg) || ARGUMENT_PACK_P (orig_arg))
           && TREE_CODE (elts[i]) == TREE_VEC)
         {
           int idx;
@@ -18449,7 +18448,7 @@ tsubst_expr (tree t, tree args, tsubst_flags_t 
complain, tree in_decl,
       IF_STMT_CONSTEXPR_P (stmt) = IF_STMT_CONSTEXPR_P (t);
       IF_STMT_CONSTEVAL_P (stmt) = IF_STMT_CONSTEVAL_P (t);
       if (IF_STMT_CONSTEXPR_P (t))
-       args = add_extra_args (IF_STMT_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args);
+       args = add_extra_args (IF_STMT_EXTRA_ARGS (t), args, complain, in_decl);
       tmp = RECUR (IF_COND (t));
       tmp = finish_if_stmt_cond (tmp, stmt);
       if (IF_STMT_CONSTEXPR_P (t)
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..824d23431f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-requires26.C
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// PR c++/101181
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+
+template<class T,
+        bool = requires { typename T::type; }>
+struct p { using type = void; };
+
+template<class T>
+struct p<T, true> { using type = typename T::type; };
+
+template<class T> using P = typename p<T>::type;
+
+using type1 = P<int>;
+using type1 = void;
+
+struct A { using type = char; };
+using type2 = P<A>;
+using type2 = char;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1113c6f02b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/lambda-uneval16.C
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// PR c++/101181
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+
+template<class T,
+        bool = [] () -> bool {
+          if constexpr (requires { typename T::type; })
+            return true;
+          return false;
+        }()>
+struct p { using type = void; };
+
+template<class T>
+struct p<T, true> { using type = typename T::type; };
+
+template<class T> using P = typename p<T>::type;
+
+using type1 = P<int>;
+using type = void;
+
+struct A { using type = char; };
+using type2 = P<A>;
+using type2 = char;
-- 
2.32.0.93.g670b81a890

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