Hi,
Gaius wrote:
> the changes do raise questions. The reason for the changes here are to
> allow easy linking for modula-2 users.
> $ gm2 hello.mod
> for example will compile and link with all dependent modules (dependants
> are generated by analysing module source imports). The gm2 driver will
> add objects and libraries to the link.
in more detail the gm2 driver does the following:
$ gm2 -v hello.mod
full output below, but to summarise and annotate:
cc1gm2 generates an assembler file from hello.mod
as --64 /tmp/cc8BoL3d.s -o hello.o
# gm2l generates a list of all dependent modules from parsing all imports
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2l -v \
-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim -o \
/tmp/ccSMojUb.l hello.mod
# gm2lorder reorders the critical runtime modules
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lorder \
/tmp/ccSMojUb.l -o /tmp/ccHDRdde.lst
# gm2lgen generates a C++ scaffold from the reordered module list
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lgen -fcpp \
/tmp/ccHDRdde.lst -o a-hello_m2.cpp
# cc1plus compiles the scaffold
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/cc1plus -v \
-mtune=generic -march=x86-64 \
-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim \
-quiet a-hello_m2.cpp -o a-hello_m2.s
as --64 a-hello_m2.s -o a-hello_m2.o
# gm2lcc creates an archive from the list of modules and the scaffold
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lcc \
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim \
-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar -ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib \
-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim \
--exec --startup a-hello_m2.o --ar -o /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a --mainobject \
a-hello_m2.o /tmp/ccHDRdde.lst
/usr/bin/ar rc /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a hello.o a-hello_m2.o
/usr/bin/ranlib /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a
# finally collect2 performs the link from the archive and any default
libraries
hope this helps
regards,
Gaius
$ ~/opt/bin/gm2 -v hello.mod
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/home/gaius/opt/bin/gm2
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configured with: /home/gaius/GM2/graft-combine/gcc-git-devel-modula2/configure
--prefix=/home/gaius/opt --libexecdir=/home/gaius/opt/lib
--enable-threads=posix --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=m2
--enable-multilib --enable-checking --enable-long-longx --enable-bootstrap
--with-build-config=bootstrap-Og
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib
gcc version 13.0.0 20220519 (experimental) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/cc1gm2
-iplugindir=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/plugin -quiet
-dumpdir a- -dumpbase hello.mod -dumpbase-ext .mod -mtune=generic -march=x86-64
-version -ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar -ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib
-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-fplugin=m2rte -ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar -ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib
-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-fplugin=m2rte -I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim -o
/tmp/cc8BoL3d.s hello.mod
GNU Modula-2 1.9.5 (20220520)
grafted onto GCC 13.0.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv2: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
GNU Modula-2 (GCC) version 13.0.0 20220519 (experimental) (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 13.0.0 20220519 (experimental), GMP version
6.2.1, MPFR version 4.1.0, MPC version 1.2.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=30 --param ggc-min-heapsize=4096
Versions of loaded plugins:
m2rte: Unknown version.
GNU Modula-2 (GCC) version 13.0.0 20220519 (experimental) (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 13.0.0 20220519 (experimental), GMP version
6.2.1, MPFR version 4.1.0, MPC version 1.2.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=30 --param ggc-min-heapsize=4096
Versions of loaded plugins:
m2rte: Unknown version.
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
as --64 /tmp/cc8BoL3d.s -o hello.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2l -v
-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim -o
/tmp/ccSMojUb.l hello.mod
gm2l >>> open source file: hello.mod
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lorder /tmp/ccSMojUb.l
-o /tmp/ccHDRdde.lst
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lgen -fcpp
/tmp/ccHDRdde.lst -o a-hello_m2.cpp
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/cc1plus -v -mtune=generic
-march=x86-64 -I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-quiet a-hello_m2.cpp -o a-hello_m2.s
ignoring nonexistent directory
"/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../include/c++/13.0.0
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../include/c++/13.0.0/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../include/c++/13.0.0/backward
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/include
/usr/local/include
/home/gaius/opt/include
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/include-fixed
/usr/include
End of search list.
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
as --64 a-hello_m2.s -o a-hello_m2.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
rm -f /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/gm2lcc
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar -ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib
-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim -v
--exec --startup a-hello_m2.o --ar -o /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a --mainobject a-hello_m2.o
/tmp/ccHDRdde.lst
/usr/bin/ar rc /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a hello.o a-hello_m2.o
/usr/bin/ranlib /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
COMPILER_PATH=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../lib64/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a.'
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/collect2 -plugin
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/liblto_plugin.so
-plugin-opt=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/lto-wrapper
-plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccyNQjVa.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s
-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc
-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc
--eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/crtbegin.o
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../../../lib64
-L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
-L/usr/lib/../lib64
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/../../.. /tmp/ccNJ60fa.a
-lm2pim -lpthread -lstdc++ -lgcc_eh -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/crtend.o
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-ftarget-ar=/usr/bin/ar' '-ftarget-ranlib=/usr/bin/ranlib'
'-fobject-path=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-x' 'modula-2' '-fplugin=m2rte'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/m2/m2pim'
'-shared-libgcc' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' '-dumpdir' 'a.'
