With partial variable template specializations, it looks like we
stream the VAR_DECL (i.e. the DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT of the corresponding
TEMPLATE_DECL) since process_partial_specialization adds it to the
specializations table, but end up never streaming the corresponding
TEMPLATE_DECL itself that appears only in the primary template's
DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS list, which leads to the list being
incomplete on stream-in.

The modules machinery already has special logic for streaming partial
specializations of class templates; this patch generalizes it to handle
those of variable templates as well.

Tested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for trunk?

        PR c++/106826

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        * module.cc (trees_out::decl_value): Use get_template_info in
        the MK_partial case.
        (trees_out::key_mergeable): Likewise.
        (trees_in::key_mergeable): Likewise.
        (has_definition): Consider DECL_INITIAL of a partial variable
        template specialization.
        (depset::hash::make_dependency): Introduce a dependency of
        partial variable template specializations too.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C: New test.
        * g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/module.cc                           | 32 +++++++++-------
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C | 21 +++++++++++
 3 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/module.cc b/gcc/cp/module.cc
index 9a9ef4e3332..334bde99b0f 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/module.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/module.cc
@@ -7789,8 +7789,9 @@ trees_out::decl_value (tree decl, depset *dep)
            }
          else
            {
-             tree_node (CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (inner)));
-             tree_node (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (inner)));
+             tree ti = get_template_info (inner);
+             tree_node (TI_TEMPLATE (ti));
+             tree_node (TI_ARGS (ti));
            }
        }
       tree_node (get_constraints (decl));
@@ -10626,8 +10627,9 @@ trees_out::key_mergeable (int tag, merge_kind mk, tree 
decl, tree inner,
        case MK_partial:
          {
            key.constraints = get_constraints (inner);
-           key.ret = CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (inner));
-           key.args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (inner));
+           tree ti = get_template_info (inner);
+           key.ret = TI_TEMPLATE (ti);
+           key.args = TI_ARGS (ti);
          }
          break;
        }
@@ -10866,8 +10868,8 @@ trees_in::key_mergeable (int tag, merge_kind mk, tree 
decl, tree inner,
               spec; spec = TREE_CHAIN (spec))
            {
              tree tmpl = TREE_VALUE (spec);
-             if (template_args_equal (key.args,
-                                      CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (tmpl)))
+             tree ti = get_template_info (tmpl);
+             if (template_args_equal (key.args, TI_ARGS (ti))
                  && cp_tree_equal (key.constraints,
                                    get_constraints
                                    (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl))))
@@ -11381,8 +11383,7 @@ has_definition (tree decl)
 
     case VAR_DECL:
       if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
-         && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
-         && DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (decl) < 2)
+         && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl))
        return DECL_INITIAL (decl);
       else
        {
@@ -12498,11 +12499,14 @@ depset::hash::make_dependency (tree decl, entity_kind 
ek)
 
   if (!dep)
     {
-      if (DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl)
-         /* ... not an enum, for instance.  */
-         && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl))
-         && TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (TREE_TYPE (decl))
-         && CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == 2)
+      if ((DECL_IMPLICIT_TYPEDEF_P (decl)
+          /* ... not an enum, for instance.  */
+          && RECORD_OR_UNION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl))
+          && TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (TREE_TYPE (decl))
+          && CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == 2)
+         || (VAR_P (decl)
+             && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl)
+             && DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (decl) == 2))
        {
          /* A partial or explicit specialization. Partial
             specializations might not be in the hash table, because
@@ -12515,7 +12519,7 @@ depset::hash::make_dependency (tree decl, entity_kind 
ek)
             dep_hash, and then convert the dep we just found into a
             redirect.  */
 
-         tree ti = TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (TREE_TYPE (decl));
+         tree ti = get_template_info (decl);
          tree tmpl = TI_TEMPLATE (ti);
          tree partial = NULL_TREE;
          for (tree spec = DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATIONS (tmpl);
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2681bb59ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// PR c++/106826
+// { dg-additional-options -fmodules-ts }
+// { dg-module-cmi pr106826 }
+export module pr106826;
+
+template<class T> constexpr bool is_reference_v = false;
+template<class T> constexpr bool is_reference_v<T&> = true;
+template<class T> constexpr bool is_reference_v<T&&> = true;
+
+struct A {
+  template<class T> static constexpr bool is_reference_v = false;
+};
+
+template<class T> constexpr bool A::is_reference_v<T&> = true;
+template<class T> constexpr bool A::is_reference_v<T&&> = true;
+
+#if __cpp_concepts
+namespace concepts {
+  template<class T> bool is_reference_v;
+
+  template<class T> requires __is_same(T, T&)
+  constexpr bool is_reference_v<T> = true;
+
+  template<class T> requires __is_same(T, T&&) && (!__is_same(T, T&))
+  constexpr bool is_reference_v<T> = true;
+
+  template<class T> requires (!__is_same(T, T&)) && (!__is_same(T, T&&))
+  constexpr bool is_reference_v<T> = false;
+
+  struct A {
+    template<class T> static bool is_reference_v;
+  };
+
+  template<class T> requires __is_same(T, T&)
+  constexpr bool A::is_reference_v<T> = true;
+
+  template<class T> requires __is_same(T, T&&) && (!__is_same(T, T&))
+  constexpr bool A::is_reference_v<T> = true;
+
+  template<class T> requires (!__is_same(T, T&)) && (!__is_same(T, T&&))
+  constexpr bool A::is_reference_v<T> = false;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0af41ef5e5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/partial-2_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// PR c++/106826
+// { dg-additional-options -fmodules-ts }
+module pr106826;
+
+static_assert(is_reference_v<int&>);
+static_assert(is_reference_v<int&&>);
+static_assert(!is_reference_v<int>);
+
+static_assert(A::is_reference_v<long&>);
+static_assert(A::is_reference_v<long&&>);
+static_assert(!A::is_reference_v<long>);
+
+#if __cpp_concepts
+static_assert(concepts::is_reference_v<char&>);
+static_assert(concepts::is_reference_v<char&&>);
+static_assert(!concepts::is_reference_v<char>);
+
+static_assert(concepts::A::is_reference_v<bool&>);
+static_assert(concepts::A::is_reference_v<bool&&>);
+static_assert(!concepts::A::is_reference_v<bool>);
+#endif
-- 
2.38.0.rc0.52.gdda7228a83

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