Per Richi's suggestions I tweaked the recent tree-ssa-dom.c equivalence code to use int_fits_type_p rather than creating a new integer node and verifying it had the same value as the old node.

At the time I dropped the TYPE_PRECISION check as I thought it was redundant with the int_fits_type_p tests. However int_fits_type_p only checks for a widening precision if it can't prove the constant fits within the bounds of the new type.

Thus we could record an equivalence after a narrowing conversion, which is wrong in this particular case.

Fixed by adding the TYPE_PRECISION checks back.

Bootstrapped & regression tested on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.  Installed.

diff --git a/gcc/ChangeLog b/gcc/ChangeLog
index 1e25a82..a3b60c9 100644
--- a/gcc/ChangeLog
+++ b/gcc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+2013-04-03  Jeff Law  <l...@redhat.com>
+
+       PR tree-optimization/56799
+        * tree-ssa-dom.c (record_equivalences_from_incoming_edge): Bring
+       back test for widening conversion erroneously dropped in prior
+       change.
+
 2013-04-03  Kyrylo Tkachov  <kyrylo.tkac...@arm.com>
 
        PR target/56809
@@ -896,6 +903,7 @@
        * config/tilegx/tilepro.h (PROFILE_BEFORE_PROLOGUE): Define.
 
 2013-03-25  Jeff Law  <l...@redhat.com>
+
         * tree-ssa-dom.c (record_equivalences_from_incoming_edge): Add missing
         check for INTEGRAL_TYPE_P that was missing due to checking in
        wrong version of prior patch.
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog b/gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
index 2cc5fa8..dc0b745 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2013-04-03  Jeff Law  <l...@redhat.com>
+
+       PR tree-optimization/56799
+       * gcc.c-torture/execute/pr56799.c: New test.
+
 2013-04-03  Paolo Carlini  <paolo.carl...@oracle.com>
 
        PR c++/56815
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.c-torture/execute/pr56799.c 
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.c-torture/execute/pr56799.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9ee26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.c-torture/execute/pr56799.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+typedef struct { int x; int y;} S;
+extern int foo(S*);
+int hi = 0, lo = 0;
+
+int main()
+{
+  S a;
+  int r;
+  a.x = (int) 0x00010000;
+  a.y = 1;
+  r = foo (&a);
+  if (r == 2 && lo==0 && hi==1)
+    {
+      exit (0);
+    }
+  abort ();
+}
+
+typedef unsigned short u16;
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline)) int foo (S* ptr)
+{
+  int a = ptr->x;
+  int c = 0;
+  u16 b = (u16) a;
+  if (b != 0)
+  {
+    lo = 1;
+    c += ptr->y;
+  }
+  b = a >> 16;
+  if (b != 0)
+  {
+    hi = 1;
+    c+= ptr->y;
+  }
+  c += ptr->y;
+  return c;
+}
+
+     
diff --git a/gcc/tree-ssa-dom.c b/gcc/tree-ssa-dom.c
index 29d2bb4..d98a646 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-ssa-dom.c
+++ b/gcc/tree-ssa-dom.c
@@ -1151,9 +1151,15 @@ record_equivalences_from_incoming_edge (basic_block bb)
                {
                  tree old_rhs = gimple_assign_rhs1 (defstmt);
 
-                 /* If the constant is in the range of the type of OLD_RHS,
-                    then convert the constant and record the equivalence.  */
+                 /* If the conversion widens the original value and
+                    the constant is in the range of the type of OLD_RHS,
+                    then convert the constant and record the equivalence. 
+
+                    Note that int_fits_type_p does not check the precision
+                    if the upper and lower bounds are OK.  */
                  if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (old_rhs))
+                     && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (lhs))
+                         > TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (old_rhs)))
                      && int_fits_type_p (rhs, TREE_TYPE (old_rhs)))
                    {
                      tree newval = fold_convert (TREE_TYPE (old_rhs), rhs);

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