1. tree_template_info still contains constraint_info. That will change
in a subsequent patch. I'm kind of waiting for specializations to get
TEMPLATE_DECLs.

Makes sense.

2. I left the <cstdlib> include in system.h, because removing it will
result in errors due to an inclusion of <algorithm>. It's probable
that both can be removed, but I didn't test it with this patch.

You mean you don't need <algorithm> anymore in logic.cc? I think we want the <cstdlib> include in general if we're going to support people using the C++ standard library.

+  if (DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (fn))
+    {
+      tree cons = DECL_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (fn);
+      if (!check_constraints (cons))
+        {
+          // TODO: Fail for the right reason.
+          reason = template_unification_error_rejection ();

Can't you do

  template_constraint_failure (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fn), DECL_TI_ARGS (fn))

?

   if (fn == error_mark_node)
     {
+      if (!check_template_constraints (tmpl, targs))
+          reason = template_constraint_failure (tmpl, targs);
+      else if (errorcount+sorrycount == errs)
       /* Don't repeat unification later if it already resulted in errors.  */

A constraint failure is a form of unification failure, like SFINAE; let's handle it in that context rather than separately here, and reserve rr_constraint_failure for the case of a non-template member function.

+// Returns the template declaration associated with the candidate
+// function. For actual templates, this is directly associated
+// with the candidate. For temploids, we return the template
+// associated with the specialization.
+static inline tree
+get_actual_template (struct z_candidate *cand)

The uses of "actual template" in the comment and function name seem to mean different things. Maybe call the function template_decl_for_candidate?

+  // Non-temploids cannot be constrained.

Can friend temploids be constrained?

+  if (!DECL_TEMPLOID_INSTANTIATION (new_fn) &&
+      !DECL_TEMPLOID_INSTANTIATION (old_fn))

The && goes at the beginning of the second line.

+// reduced terms in the constraints language. Returns NULL_TREE if either A or
 // B are NULL_TREE.
 tree
 conjoin_requirements (tree a, tree b)
 {
-  if (a && b)
-    return build_min (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, boolean_type_node, a, b);
+  if (a)
+    return b ? join_requirements (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, a, b) : a;
+  else if (b)
+    return b;
   else
     return NULL_TREE;

Seems like the comment is no longer accurate; the function now only returns NULL_TREE if both a and b are NULL_TREE.

+// Returns true if the function decl F is a constraint predicate. It must be a
+// constexpr, nullary function with a boolean result type.
+static tree
+get_constraint_check (tree call)

The comment needs updating. And the function isn't used anywhere; it seems redundant with resolve_constraint_check.

+// The raison d'entre of this class is to prevent traits

"d'etre"

+// and other template nodes from generating new expressions
+// during instantiation.

I'm not clear on the issue. Perhaps leaving processing_template_decl alone and using fold_non_dependent_expr would accomplish what you want?

+static inline bool
+check_type_constraints (tree t, tree args)
+{
+  return check_constraints (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (t), args);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+check_decl_constraints (tree t, tree args)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
+    return check_decl_constraints (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (t), args);
+  else
+    return check_constraints (DECL_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (t), args);
+}
+
+// Check the template's constraints for the specified arguments,
+// returning true if the constraints are satisfied and false
+// otherwise.
+bool
+check_template_constraints (tree t, tree args)
+{
+  return check_constraints (get_constraints (t), args);
+}

Seems like the last function would also work for types and non-template decls.

+  error_at (loc, "constraints not satisfied");

I assume you're planning to make this more verbose? It could use a TODO to that effect.

+// and template isntantiation. Evaluation warnings are also inhibited.

"instantiation"

+  else if (are_constrained_overloads (newdecl, olddecl))
+    {
+      // If newdecl and olddecl are function templates with the
+      // same type but different constraints, then they cannot be
+      // duplicate declarations. However, if the olddecl is declared
+      // as a concept, then the program is ill-formed.
+      if (DECL_DECLARED_CONCEPT_P (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (olddecl)))
+        {
+          error ("cannot specialize concept %q#D", olddecl);
+          return error_mark_node;
+        }
+      return NULL;
+    }

We should check for differing constraints in decls_match, and then this code should be in the !types_match section of duplicate_decls.

       error ("concept %q#D result must be convertible to bool", fn);

Why don't we require the result to actually be bool? It seems difficult to decompose dependent requirements if the return type can be something else.

+// Remove the current term form the list, repositioning to the term

"from"

+//  \Gamma, P |- Delta    \Gamma, Q |- \Delta

Are the \ for TeX markup or something? You're missing one on the left Delta here.

BTW, thanks: I find the rewritten logic code more readable.

+subsumes_constraints (tree left, tree right)
+{
+  gcc_assert (check_constraint_info (left));
+  gcc_assert (check_constraint_info (right));
+
+  // Check that c is subsumed by each subproblem in h.
+  // If it is not, then h does not subsume c.
+  tree as = CI_ASSUMPTIONS (left);
+  tree c = reduce_requirements (CI_REQUIREMENTS (right));
+  for (int i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (as); ++i)
+    if (!subsumes_prop (TREE_VEC_ELT (as, i), c))
+      return false;
+  return true;

"h" doesn't appear anywhere in the function; let's change the comment to refer to "left" and "right" instead.

+              cp_lexer_next_token_is_keyword (parser->lexer, RID_REQUIRES))
           {
             tree reqs = release (current_template_reqs);
-            if (tree r = cp_parser_requires_clause_opt (parser))
+            if (tree r = cp_parser_requires_clause (parser))

I was thinking to change the name of cp_requires_clause to cp_parser_requires_clause_opt and change the assert to a test for the keyword and return NULL_TREE if it isn't found.

-              if (flag_concepts
-                  && function_declarator_p (declarator)
+              if (flag_concepts &&
+                  function_declarator_p (declarator) &&

The && was in the right place before this change.

+  if (!potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr))
+    {
+      require_potential_rvalue_constant_expression (expr);

This can just be if (!require_pot....

+          // FIXME: we should be checking the constraints, not just
+          // instantiating them.

Let's check them in determine_specialization, along with the SFINAE check after the comment
         /* Make sure that the deduced arguments actually work.  */
Can explicit specializations have constraints, to indicate which template they are specializing?

+      // FIXME: This points to the wrong line.
+      error_at (input_location, "redeclaration %q+D with different 
constraints", tmpl);

%q+D is telling the diagnostic code to use DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmpl) as the location. I think you want

error_at (input_location, "redeclaration of %q#D with different "
          "constraints", tmpl);
inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (tmpl),
        "original declaration appeared here");

+  tree argcons = TREE_CODE (argtype) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
+    ? DECL_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (parm))
+    : TYPE_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (argtype);

Seems like get_constraints would be useful here.

+                        error ("constraint mismatch at argument %d in "
+                               "template parameter list for %qD",
+                               i + 1, in_decl);

Let's also print the parameter and argument.

+// Argument deduction ios applied to all template arguments, and

Passing 'true' for require_all_args means no deduction will be done; rather, all arguments must either be specified or have default arguments.

+      // Check class template requirements. Note that constraints will
+      // already have been checked when trying to find a most specialized
+      // class among multiple specializations.

I don't see where that is; more_specialized_class doesn't seem to compare constraints yet.

+        tree cons = DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (t)
+          ? TYPE_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (type)
+          : DECL_TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT (decl);

get_constraints would be useful here as well.

+            // FIXME: Do we need to attach constraints?
+            // TODO: Is this actually necessary?

I don't think you need to fill in TI_CONSTRAINT for anything but the main template patterns, here or other places.

+substitute_requirements (tree reqs, tree args)

This seems redundant with instantiate_requirements.

+  // Build template info and associate it with

Incomplete sentence.

+  // TODO: Do we need to propagate constaints into bound template
+  // template parameters? Probably not for interface checking.

"constraints"

But I agree probably not, for the same reason we don't need constraints on instantiated FIELD_DECLs.

Jason

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