Dear Amal
Thank you for this key question which can be answered like follows:
Healthy ocean phytoplankton layer (PL) plants and green microbes cannot
assimilate carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide solutions like the
continental plants. (PL) plants are forced to use bicarbonate instead of
CO2. As a consequence of this fact the PL needs to generate one hydroxyl
ion for every bicarbonate carbon assimilated to organic carbon.
This is no disadvantage for the PL as it seems at first sight. This
assimilation effect produces a basicity membrane at the surface of the
globes ocean which prevents the bicarbonate carbon from leaving the
ocean and which activates the atmospheric CO2 to get absorbed by the
basicity of the ocean surface. Because every hydroxyl ion produces a new
bicarbonate ion by CO2 absorption from the atmosphere the PL cannot not
go short in carbon delivery for organic carbon production.
Additional to organic carbon PL plants need nitrogen, sulphur and
halogens for production of organic N, S, and halogen compounds. Also
this organics become fertilized by the PL life from dissolved salts like
sulphates, nitrates, and halogenides and also generate OH ions during
their conversion to organic hetero compounds. Also this metabolic
reactions of the PL produce additional alkalinity.
Healthy PL can compensate excessive basicity generation which would
increase the pH values to >9 that is adverse to healthy metabolism. The
sequestration of solid carbonate shells and skeletons from bicarbonate
is a measure to compensate such uncontrolled pH increase because every
carbonate generated produces one molecule carbonic acid which
neutralizes the OH ions by bicarbonate generation. Such carbon shell
producers in the PL for instance are coccolithophores and foraminifera.
Even within extreme productive PL layers like the Humboldt Current
upwelling system in front of the South American west coast this kind of
carbonate sequestration keeps the pH well within the metabolic optimum.
Because the assimilation reaction and basicity generation is only active
during daytime the pH decreases during the night and even may drop to
values of 8 or even below. This phenomenon of the dark is the cause of
the CO2 escape from upwelling deep water within the polar parts of the
ocean during the long lasting winter night because during this season
the basicity membrane of the ocean has a hole within these regions.
So called "Ocean Acidification" said to be a cause of the increased CO2
concentration in the atmosphere has not been caused by this effect.
Actual cause are damages to the complex PL layer ecosystem which reduces
their assimilation activity and OH ion productivity: During the very
warm Cretaceous epoch the phytoplankton and ocean life flourished as can
be seen from the chalk cliffs of Dover and many fossilized remains found
in many other regions of the world. The cliffs had built from the
carbonate preciptating healthy and productive PL life. During the epoche
of the Cretaceous the CO2 levels within the atmosphere had been up to 5
times of the recent level.
Franz D. Oeste
------ Originalnachricht ------
Von: "Amal Bhattarai" <ocean.based...@gmail.com>
An: "Robert Tulip" <rtulip2...@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: "carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com
carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com"
<carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com>; andrew.lock...@gmail.com;
"geoengineering" <geoengineering@googlegroups.com>;
markcap...@podenergy.org
Gesendet: 02.06.2019 23:20:39
Betreff: Re: [CDR] Re: [geo] High Level Review of a Wide Range of
Proposed Marine Geoengineering Techniques
Regarding kelp forests for marine sequestration, how is one to
understand that it is atmospheric carbon that is being sequestered, and
not the oceanic dissolved carbon, of which there is plenty?
On Sun, Jun 2, 2019 at 7:09 AM 'Robert Tulip' via Carbon Dioxide
Removal <carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com> wrote:
Dear Mark
Thank you for sharing your AdjustaDepth Phase 1 Final Report
DE-AR0000916
<https://drive.google.com/open?id=1q6HO5OSmSLmfUJWu8YrkMxanEsGEucww>
on the potential for seaweed forests to address global needs for food,
fuel and climate. I encourage readers to review the linked report, as
it provides a compelling scientific agenda for reversing global
warming and cleaning up the oceans.
I would like to know if there has been media coverage of this project,
as it seems to me one of the biggest and most important efforts now
underway for practical climate action.
Best wishes
Robert Tulip
On Tuesday, 21 May 2019, 4:44:08 am AEST, <markcap...@podenergy.org>
wrote:
A non-geoengineering approach could reverse climate change faster than
the Marine Geoengineering techniques listed in the GESAMP report.
Estimated initial investments in attached "$100B-Proposal..." presume
that the Feed the world and Fuel the world produce profits and quickly
snowball to full global capacity.
The Reverse climate change step might be classified as geoengineering.
It could use any good-for-millennial and ocean restorative carbon
storage technique.
Mark E. Capron, PE
Ventura, California
www.PODenergy.org
Feed the world. Fuel the world. Reverse climate change.
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [geo] High Level Review of a Wide Range of Proposed Marine
Geoengineering Techniques
From: Andrew Lockley <andrew.lock...@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, March 12, 2019 4:41 am
To: "carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com
<carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com>"
<carbondioxideremo...@googlegroups.com>, geoengineering
<geoengineering@googlegroups.com>
http://www.gesamp.org/publications/high-level-review-of-a-wide-range-of-proposed-marine-geoengineering-techniques
High Level Review of a Wide Range of Proposed Marine Geoengineering
Techniques
2019 #98 (143p.)
Author(s): GESAMP
Publisher(s): GESAMP
Journal Series GESAMP Reports and Studies
This report comprehensively examines a wide range o marine
geoengineering techniques to remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere or boost the reflection of incoming solar radiation to
space (albedo modification) or in some cases both. Further, the
report recommends a) that a coordinated framework for proposing
marine geoengineering activities, submitting supporting evidence and
integrating independent expert assessment must be developed and b)
that a greater expertise on wider societal issues is sought with the
aim to establish a knowledge base and provide a subsequent analysis
of the major gaps in socio-economics and geopolitics.
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