https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925346725006421

*Authors*
Wenlong Zhou, Sujing Lin, Ningyuan Xie, Shengxing Wang, Xiaohan Ma, Mai
Liu, Ruina Ma, Shijie Li, Yongzhe Fan

*27 June 2025*

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117282

*Highlights*
•We propose a superhydrophobic radiative cooling coating with a simple
preparation process.

•FEP and (K-Al2O3,K-TiO2) have complementary radiative properties in the
atmospheric window with an average emissivity of 0.981.

•The combination of Al2O3 and TiO2 particles with synergistic effect is
expected to achieve full-spectrum reflectance in the solar radiation band,
with an average reflectivity of 0.981.

•A temperature drop of 10.3 °C is achieved under direct outdoor sunlight.

•Building micro-nano structures on the surface, water contact angle reaches
162.8°.

•The optical and superhydrophobic properties of the material are highly
stable.

*ABSTRACT*
Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) is a new type of cooling that does
not require additional energy consumption and cools objects by reflecting
radiative heat from sunlight and mid-infrared wavelengths. In this study,
we prepared PDRC materials by embedding TiO2 and Al2O3 particles into FEP
and using a spray-combined phase separation method. The synergistic effect
of the formed surface micro-nano-structures, combined with the molecular
vibration of FEP, the relatively low band gap and high refractive index in
the near-infrared wavelengths of TiO2, and the phonon polarisation
resonance of Al2O3, carry out a multiple composite of complementary
properties to further improve the optical properties of the PDRC coatings.
The PDRC coating has high average reflectance (0.984) in the solar spectral
band (0.3-2.5 μm) and high average emissivity (0.981) in the atmospheric
window band (8-13 μm). In addition, the PDRC coating has good
hydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WAC) of 162.8°. Under direct
sunlight conditions, the PDRC material showed a good temperature drop (10.9
°C) compared to ambient temperature and radiative cooling power (98.7
W/m2). The prepared coatings maintained superhydrophobicity and excellent
cooling properties when immersed in solutions with different pH and UV
radiation. The PDRC coatings developed in this work are simple to
fabricate, can be applied over large areas, and have good durability, which
is conducive to the promotion of the practical use of RC coatings.

*Source: ScienceDirect*

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