So,

Initially we were running two large geoservers, with GWC embedded. These
were 6CPU, 128GB machines (I must add this is in a dev environment, VMs and
Vdisk), in production we have physical 8CPU, 128GB machines with SAN
storage, (a recent check showed RAM usage was up to over 100GB).

Our cache consisted of full aerial photography for England at 50cm
resolution, cache from Ordnance Survey vector data which is held
(unfortunately) in an Oracle 12c db,  as well as lower resolution satellite
imagery for a given number of years. Cache has been pre-built to 10 levels
down to ~1:3000. 

We found that, if we started up geoserver with the GWC disabled, memory on
the server would sit comfortably at the level we allocated to the JVM.
However, if the GWC layers were enabled we would find that the after startup
memory would continue to rise beyond the allocation. A member of my team who
is more technical on Linux/Unix systems was explaining that this could be
down to fact that the Kernel is not releasing the memory? When we shut down
geoserver, the memory would not be released (at first we feared this was a
memory leak!).

What this meant was, as load increased on the geoserver, memory would rise
due to the GWC which then would not allow enough resources for GeoServer to
handle other requests to various other map layers. 


Our re-design now allocates a very similar architecture to geosolutions
blog. We will be delivering two servers with 4 geoserver tomcat instances in
each. Sat alongside two servers solely providing GWC services. Part of our
scale out solution is that we can now replicate these servers horizontally
depending on the performance of the system.

Anything else, please ask, I will try my best to answer.

Regards



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