Dear Colleagues,

Hope you are all doing well. I am writing you with an out of the blue question 
about our exploratory project on thermostatic institutions.

As part of these efforts we are starting to develop a data base on thermostatic 
systems. As it is totally random as to where they show up, we are canvassing an 
array of communities and knowledge holders about whether they are aware of any 
thermostatic system in their own research or experiences.

What are Thermostatic Institutions?

·    Governance, organizational or policy systems that are capable of 
maintaining stability of a clearly specified and measurable policy objectives 
(such as the Paris Accord’s 1.5/2 degree 
target<https://events.unimelb.edu.au/event/14676-can-super-wicked-problems-be-managed-lessons-from>)
 . These objectives are so durable that the thermostatic systems are capable of 
maintaining their objectives even in the case of short term pressures to change 
them.
·    A key feature is the presence of some kind of “trip wire” that triggers 
changes in policy tools, calibrations and settings, when outside conditions 
change, that serve to maintain the objectives (Cashore and Howlett 
2007).<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15405907/2007/51/3>

     *   Just like a thermostat maintain a house’s internal temperature by 
turning on or off a furnace or air conditioner in response to changes in 
outside temperatures
·    Classic examples:
o  Central banks:
§ Most have a central objective of maintaining a clearly specified inflation 
target
o  COVID interagency 
committees<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-021-09442-2>

        *   that produced constant changes in policy settings and tools in 
service of achieving a clearly specified objective: i.e. limiting lives lost
·    They have two design tasks
o  Maintaining the legitimacy and authority of the system itself
o  Maintaining the objectives
·    These do not always go hand in hand.
o  For example, as I wrote with Kelly, Graeme and Steven, constant rule changes 
in response to emerging Covid-19 epidemiology can, in cases of limited trust, 
undermine legitimacy necessary for supporting the 
rules<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-021-09442-2>
·    Hybrid cases: trip wires but no clear objectives
o  Unemployment insurance
o  US debt ceiling

So, if anything comes to mind, please feel free to email me and my RAs Radhika 
Chandramouli Rao radhika...@u.nus.edu<mailto:radhika...@u.nus.edu>

Happy to chat if you would like further clarification

Thanks!!

Ben
PS we are also having a panel on this topic at 
ICPP<https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/conference/icpp6-toronto-2023/panel-list/17/panel/roundtable-uncovering-and-prescribing-thermostatic-institutions-for-the-climate-crisis-a-research-agenda/1491>
 in Toronto end of the month


Ben Cashore
Li Ka Shing Professor in Public 
Management<https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/our-people/faculty/benjamin-william-cashore>
Director, the Institute for Environment and Sustainability 
(IES)<https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/ies/>
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy
National University of Singapore
[signature_1896511553]


Recent publications

2023 winner, with Sewerin and Howlett, Ken Young Prize for best article in 2021 
volume of Policy and 
Politics<https://policyandpoliticsblog.com/2023/03/28/policy-politics-announces-the-2023-winners-of-the-early-career-and-best-paper-prizes/>
 for “New pathways to paradigm change in public policy: combining insights from 
policy design, mix and 
feedback<https://doi.org/10.1332/030557321X16528864819376>” Policy and Politics 
June 23, pp 1-18

2022 Leehi Yona, Benjamin Cashore and Mark A. Bradford. “Factors Influencing 
the Development and Implementation of Greenhouse Gas 
Inventories<https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/figure/10.1080/25741292.2021.2020967?scroll=top&needAccess=true#metrics-content>,”
 Policy Design and Practice


Contact information: Block 469C Bukit Timah Road, Oei Tiong Ham Building, Wing 
A, Level 2, 259772, Singapore, 259772; tel +65 6516 6195;
Email: spp...@nus.edu.sg<mailto:spp...@nus.edu.sg> ; Overview 
video<https://youtu.be/DPSmWLQ3LVo>; Web 
site<http://:%20https:/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/our-people/faculty/benjamin-william-cashore;>;
 Google Scholar<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DkfzcnwAAAAJ&hl=en>; 
twitter<https://twitter.com/bencashore>; 
linkedin<https://www.linkedin.com/in/ben-cashore-0a8785/>; Personal zoom 
office<https://nus-sg.zoom.us/my/bcfrombc?pwd=TTUwU2V1QWhPc2Z2MDB3OE9GRjhOUT09>

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