Every once in a while someone complains to the mailing list to have
run into this weird assertion[1].

The usual response from the mailing list is link to old discussions[2],
and acknowledging the problem stating it is known.

For now just improve the user visible error message.

[1] https://www.google.com/search?q=item-%3Enowildcard_len
[2] 
http://git.661346.n2.nabble.com/assert-failed-in-submodule-edge-case-td7628687.html
    https://www.spinics.net/lists/git/msg249473.html

Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbel...@google.com>
---

 * a more defensive check and message
 * with tests!
 
 pathspec.c                       | 19 +++++++++++++++++--
 t/t6134-pathspec-in-submodule.sh | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 t/t6134-pathspec-in-submodule.sh

diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
index 22ca74a126..b446d79615 100644
--- a/pathspec.c
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -313,8 +313,23 @@ static unsigned prefix_pathspec(struct pathspec_item *item,
        }
 
        /* sanity checks, pathspec matchers assume these are sane */
-       assert(item->nowildcard_len <= item->len &&
-              item->prefix         <= item->len);
+       if (item->nowildcard_len > item->len ||
+           item->prefix         > item->len) {
+               /* Historically this always was a submodule issue */
+               for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+                       struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+                       int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+                       int len = ce_len < item->len ? ce_len : item->len;
+                       if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+                               continue;
+                       if (!memcmp(ce->name, item->match, len))
+                               die (_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+                                       item->original, ce_len, ce->name);
+               }
+               /* The error is a new unknown bug */
+               die ("BUG: item->nowildcard_len > item->len || item->prefix > 
item->len)");
+       }
+
        return magic;
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t6134-pathspec-in-submodule.sh b/t/t6134-pathspec-in-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e62dbb7327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6134-pathspec-in-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case exclude pathspec'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a submodule' '
+       test_commit 1 &&
+       git submodule add ./ sub &&
+       git commit -a -m "add submodule" &&
+       git submodule deinit --all
+'
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+fatal: Pathspec 'sub/a' is in submodule 'sub'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'error message for path inside submodule' '
+       echo a >sub/a &&
+       test_must_fail git add sub/a 2>actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+fatal: Pathspec '.' is in submodule 'sub'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'error message for path inside submodule from within 
submodule' '
+       test_must_fail git -C sub add . 2>actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
-- 
2.11.0.259.ga95e92af08.dirty

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