Many messages will be marked for translation in the following
commits. This commit updates some of them to be more consistent and
reduce diff noise in those commits. Changes are

- keep the first letter of die(), error() and warning() in lowercase
- no full stop in die(), error() or warning() if it's single sentence
  messages
- indentation
- some messages are turned to BUG(), or prefixed with "BUG:" and will
  not be marked for i18n
- some messages are improved to give more information
- some messages are broken down by sentence to be i18n friendly
- the trailing \n is converted to printf_ln if possible
- errno_errno() is used instead of explicit strerror()

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclo...@gmail.com>
---
 archive-zip.c                     |  2 +-
 builtin/config.c                  | 18 +++++++-----
 builtin/grep.c                    | 10 +++----
 builtin/pack-objects.c            | 10 +++----
 builtin/replace.c                 | 22 +++++++-------
 config.c                          |  2 +-
 connect.c                         | 33 +++++++++++----------
 convert.c                         |  6 ++--
 dir.c                             |  4 +--
 pkt-line.c                        |  2 +-
 refs.c                            | 12 ++++----
 refspec.c                         |  2 +-
 sequencer.c                       |  8 +++---
 sha1-file.c                       |  8 +++---
 t/t1400-update-ref.sh             |  8 +++---
 t/t3005-ls-files-relative.sh      |  4 +--
 t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh         |  6 ++--
 t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh |  2 +-
 transport-helper.c                | 48 +++++++++++++++----------------
 transport.c                       |  8 +++---
 20 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 74f3fe9103..48d843489c 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
                if (is_utf8(path))
                        flags |= ZIP_UTF8;
                else
-                       warning("Path is not valid UTF-8: %s", path);
+                       warning("path is not valid UTF-8: %s", path);
        }
 
        if (pathlen > 0xffff) {
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index b29d26dede..ebeb4c5638 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static int option_parse_type(const struct option *opt, 
const char *arg,
                 * --int' and '--type=bool
                 * --type=int'.
                 */
-               error("only one type at a time.");
+               error("only one type at a time");
                usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage,
                        builtin_config_options);
        }
@@ -160,7 +160,11 @@ static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
 static void check_argc(int argc, int min, int max) {
        if (argc >= min && argc <= max)
                return;
-       error("wrong number of arguments");
+       if (min == max)
+               error("wrong number of arguments, should be %d", min);
+       else
+               error("wrong number of arguments, should be from %d to %d",
+                     min, max);
        usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 }
 
@@ -595,7 +599,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
 
        if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
            !!given_config_source.file + !!given_config_source.blob > 1) {
-               error("only one config file at a time.");
+               error("only one config file at a time");
                usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, 
builtin_config_options);
        }
 
@@ -622,7 +626,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
                         * location; error out even if XDG_CONFIG_HOME
                         * is set and points at a sane location.
                         */
-                       die("$HOME not set");
+                       die("$HOME is not set");
 
                if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
                    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0)) {
@@ -664,7 +668,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
        }
 
        if (HAS_MULTI_BITS(actions)) {
-               error("only one action at a time.");
+               error("only one action at a time");
                usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, 
builtin_config_options);
        }
        if (actions == 0)
@@ -819,7 +823,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                if (ret == 0)
-                       die("No such section!");
+                       die("no such section: %s", argv[0]);
        }
        else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
                int ret;
@@ -830,7 +834,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                if (ret == 0)
-                       die("No such section!");
+                       die("no such section: %s", argv[0]);
        }
        else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLOR) {
                check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index ee753a403e..9774920999 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
        }
 
        if (!opt.pattern_list)
-               die(_("no pattern given."));
+               die(_("no pattern given"));
 
        /*
         * We have to find "--" in a separate pass, because its presence
@@ -1085,19 +1085,19 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
        }
 
        if (recurse_submodules && (!use_index || untracked))
-               die(_("option not supported with --recurse-submodules."));
+               die(_("option not supported with --recurse-submodules"));
 
        if (!show_in_pager && !opt.status_only)
                setup_pager();
 
        if (!use_index && (untracked || cached))
-               die(_("--cached or --untracked cannot be used with 
--no-index."));
+               die(_("--cached or --untracked cannot be used with 
--no-index"));
 
        if (!use_index || untracked) {
                int use_exclude = (opt_exclude < 0) ? use_index : !!opt_exclude;
                hit = grep_directory(&opt, &pathspec, use_exclude, use_index);
        } else if (0 <= opt_exclude) {
-               die(_("--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked 
contents."));
+               die(_("--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked 
contents"));
        } else if (!list.nr) {
                if (!cached)
                        setup_work_tree();
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
                hit = grep_cache(&opt, the_repository, &pathspec, cached);
        } else {
                if (cached)
-                       die(_("both --cached and trees are given."));
+                       die(_("both --cached and trees are given"));
 
                hit = grep_objects(&opt, &pathspec, &list);
        }
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 71056d8294..1a6ece425d 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@ static void ll_find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, 
unsigned list_size,
                return;
        }
        if (progress > pack_to_stdout)
-               fprintf(stderr, "Delta compression using up to %d threads.\n",
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "Delta compression using up to %d threads.",
                                delta_search_threads);
        p = xcalloc(delta_search_threads, sizeof(*p));
 
@@ -2638,7 +2638,7 @@ static void read_object_list_from_stdin(void)
                        if (feof(stdin))
                                break;
                        if (!ferror(stdin))
-                               die("fgets returned NULL, not EOF, not error!");
+                               die("BUG: fgets returned NULL, not EOF, not 
error!");
                        if (errno != EINTR)
                                die_errno("fgets");
                        clearerr(stdin);
@@ -3353,8 +3353,8 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const 
char *prefix)
                prepare_pack(window, depth);
        write_pack_file();
        if (progress)
-               fprintf(stderr, "Total %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32"),"
-                       " reused %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32")\n",
-                       written, written_delta, reused, reused_delta);
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "Total %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32"),"
+                          " reused %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32")",
+                          written, written_delta, reused, reused_delta);
        return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index 6da2411e14..de826e8209 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ static int show_reference(const char *refname, const struct 
object_id *oid,
                        enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
 
                        if (get_oid(refname, &object))
-                               return error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid 
ref.", refname);
+                               return error("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid 
ref", refname);
 
                        obj_type = oid_object_info(the_repository, &object,
                                                   NULL);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, 
each_replace_name_fn fn)
 
        for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
                if (get_oid(*p, &oid)) {
-                       error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", *p);
+                       error("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref", *p);
                        had_error = 1;
                        continue;
                }
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, 
each_replace_name_fn fn)
                full_hex = ref.buf + base_len;
 
                if (read_ref(ref.buf, &oid)) {
-                       error("replace ref '%s' not found.", full_hex);
+                       error("replace ref '%s' not found", full_hex);
                        had_error = 1;
                        continue;
                }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ static int delete_replace_ref(const char *name, const char 
*ref,
 {
        if (delete_ref(NULL, ref, oid, 0))
                return 1;
-       printf("Deleted replace ref '%s'\n", name);
+       printf_ln("Deleted replace ref '%s'", name);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static int check_ref_valid(struct object_id *object,
        strbuf_reset(ref);
        strbuf_addf(ref, "%s%s", git_replace_ref_base, oid_to_hex(object));
        if (check_refname_format(ref->buf, 0))
-               return error("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref->buf);
+               return error("'%s' is not a valid ref name", ref->buf);
 
        if (read_ref(ref->buf, prev))
                oidclr(prev);
@@ -200,10 +200,10 @@ static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const 
char *replace_ref, int f
        struct object_id object, repl;
 
        if (get_oid(object_ref, &object))
-               return error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.",
+               return error("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref",
                             object_ref);
        if (get_oid(replace_ref, &repl))
-               return error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.",
+               return error("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref",
                             replace_ref);
 
        return replace_object_oid(object_ref, &object, replace_ref, &repl, 
force);
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ static int edit_and_replace(const char *object_ref, int 
force, int raw)
        struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
        if (get_oid(object_ref, &old_oid) < 0)
-               return error("Not a valid object name: '%s'", object_ref);
+               return error("not a valid object name: '%s'", object_ref);
 
        type = oid_object_info(the_repository, &old_oid, NULL);
        if (type < 0)
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ static int replace_parents(struct strbuf *buf, int argc, 
const char **argv)
                struct object_id oid;
                if (get_oid(argv[i], &oid) < 0) {
                        strbuf_release(&new_parents);
-                       return error(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"),
+                       return error(_("not a valid object name: '%s'"),
                                     argv[i]);
                }
                if (!lookup_commit_reference(&oid)) {
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ static int check_one_mergetag(struct commit *commit,
        for (i = 1; i < mergetag_data->argc; i++) {
                struct object_id oid;
                if (get_oid(mergetag_data->argv[i], &oid) < 0)
-                       return error(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"),
+                       return error(_("not a valid object name: '%s'"),
                                     mergetag_data->argv[i]);
                if (!oidcmp(&tag->tagged->oid, &oid))
                        return 0; /* found */
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ static int create_graft(int argc, const char **argv, int 
force, int gentle)
        unsigned long size;
 
        if (get_oid(old_ref, &old_oid) < 0)
-               return error(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), old_ref);
+               return error(_("not a valid object name: '%s'"), old_ref);
        commit = lookup_commit_reference(&old_oid);
        if (!commit)
                return error(_("could not parse %s"), old_ref);
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index fbbf0f8e9f..ec08db1d1b 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
        envw = xstrdup(env);
 
        if (sq_dequote_to_argv(envw, &argv, &nr, &alloc) < 0) {
-               ret = error("bogus format in " CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
+               ret = error("bogus format in %s", CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT);
                goto out;
        }
 
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 968e91b18c..083cf804a7 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static NORETURN void die_initial_contact(int unexpected)
         * response does not necessarily mean an ACL problem, though.
         */
        if (unexpected)
-               die(_("The remote end hung up upon initial contact"));
+               die(_("the remote end hung up upon initial contact"));
        else
                die(_("Could not read from remote repository.\n\n"
                      "Please make sure you have the correct access rights\n"
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static int process_dummy_ref(const char *line)
 static void check_no_capabilities(const char *line, int len)
 {
        if (strlen(line) != len)
-               warning("Ignoring capabilities after first line '%s'",
+               warning("ignoring capabilities after first line '%s'",
                        line + strlen(line));
 }
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
                return PROTO_SSH;
        if (!strcmp(name, "file"))
                return PROTO_FILE;
-       die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
+       die("protocol '%s' is not supported", name);
 }
 
 static char *host_end(char **hoststart, int removebrackets)
@@ -595,8 +595,7 @@ static void enable_keepalive(int sockfd)
        int ka = 1;
 
        if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &ka, sizeof(ka)) < 0)
-               fprintf(stderr, "unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket: %s\n",
-                       strerror(errno));
+               error_errno("unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket");
 }
 
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
@@ -640,10 +639,12 @@ static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
 
        gai = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &ai);
        if (gai)
-               die("Unable to look up %s (port %s) (%s)", host, port, 
gai_strerror(gai));
+               die("unable to look up %s (port %s) (%s)", host, port, 
gai_strerror(gai));
 
-       if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
-               fprintf(stderr, "done.\nConnecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, 
port);
+       if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE) {
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "done.");
+               fprintf(stderr, "Connecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, port);
+       }
 
        for (ai0 = ai; ai; ai = ai->ai_next, cnt++) {
                sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family,
@@ -670,7 +671,7 @@ static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
        enable_keepalive(sockfd);
 
        if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
-               fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "done.");
 
        strbuf_release(&error_message);
 
@@ -701,18 +702,20 @@ static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
 
        he = gethostbyname(host);
        if (!he)
-               die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, hstrerror(h_errno));
+               die("unable to look up %s (%s)", host, hstrerror(h_errno));
        nport = strtoul(port, &ep, 10);
        if ( ep == port || *ep ) {
                /* Not numeric */
                struct servent *se = getservbyname(port,"tcp");
                if ( !se )
-                       die("Unknown port %s", port);
+                       die("unknown port %s", port);
                nport = se->s_port;
        }
 
-       if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
-               fprintf(stderr, "done.\nConnecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, 
port);
+       if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE) {
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "done.");
+               fprintf(stderr, "Connecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, port);
+       }
 
        for (cnt = 0, ap = he->h_addr_list; *ap; ap++, cnt++) {
                memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
@@ -745,7 +748,7 @@ static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
        enable_keepalive(sockfd);
 
        if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
-               fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "done.");
 
        return sockfd;
 }
@@ -921,7 +924,7 @@ static enum protocol parse_connect_url(const char 
*url_orig, char **ret_host,
                path = strchr(end, separator);
 
        if (!path || !*path)
-               die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url 
syntax");
+               die("no path specified; see 'git help pull' for valid url 
syntax");
 
        /*
         * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index 64d0d30e08..f47e60022e 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ static enum eol output_eol(enum crlf_action crlf_action)
                /* fall through */
                return text_eol_is_crlf() ? EOL_CRLF : EOL_LF;
        }
-       warning("Illegal crlf_action %d\n", (int)crlf_action);
+       warning("illegal crlf_action %d", (int)crlf_action);
        return core_eol;
 }
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ static void check_global_conv_flags_eol(const char *path, 
enum crlf_action crlf_
                 * CRLFs would not be restored by checkout
                 */
                if (conv_flags & CONV_EOL_RNDTRP_DIE)
-                       die(_("CRLF would be replaced by LF in %s."), path);
+                       die(_("CRLF would be replaced by LF in %s"), path);
                else if (conv_flags & CONV_EOL_RNDTRP_WARN)
                        warning(_("CRLF will be replaced by LF in %s.\n"
                                  "The file will have its original line"
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ static int encode_to_worktree(const char *path, const char 
*src, size_t src_len,
                                  &dst_len);
        if (!dst) {
                error("failed to encode '%s' from %s to %s",
-                       path, default_encoding, enc);
+                     path, default_encoding, enc);
                return 0;
        }
 
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index ccf8b4975e..7e39f38563 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched,
                if (found_dup)
                        continue;
 
-               error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
+               error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git",
                      pathspec->items[num].original);
                errors++;
        }
@@ -2230,7 +2230,7 @@ static struct untracked_cache_dir 
*validate_untracked_cache(struct dir_struct *d
                return NULL;
 
        if (!ident_in_untracked(dir->untracked)) {
-               warning(_("Untracked cache is disabled on this system or 
location."));
+               warning(_("untracked cache is disabled on this system or 
location"));
                return NULL;
        }
 
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index a593c08aad..941e41dfc1 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t 
*src_size,
                if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
                        return -1;
 
-               die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
+               die("the remote end hung up unexpectedly");
        }
 
        return ret;
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 0eb379f931..a033910353 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -567,9 +567,9 @@ int expand_ref(const char *str, int len, struct object_id 
*oid, char **ref)
                        if (!warn_ambiguous_refs)
                                break;
                } else if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && strcmp(fullref.buf, 
"HEAD")) {
-                       warning("ignoring dangling symref %s.", fullref.buf);
+                       warning("ignoring dangling symref %s", fullref.buf);
                } else if ((flag & REF_ISBROKEN) && strchr(fullref.buf, '/')) {
-                       warning("ignoring broken ref %s.", fullref.buf);
+                       warning("ignoring broken ref %s", fullref.buf);
                }
        }
        strbuf_release(&fullref);
@@ -871,13 +871,13 @@ static int read_ref_at_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct 
object_id *noid,
                if (!is_null_oid(&cb->ooid)) {
                        oidcpy(cb->oid, noid);
                        if (oidcmp(&cb->ooid, noid))
-                               warning("Log for ref %s has gap after %s.",
+                               warning("log for ref %s has gap after %s",
                                        cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, 
cb->tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
                }
                else if (cb->date == cb->at_time)
                        oidcpy(cb->oid, noid);
                else if (oidcmp(noid, cb->oid))
-                       warning("Log for ref %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
+                       warning("log for ref %s unexpectedly ended on %s",
                                cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz,
                                                       DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
                oidcpy(&cb->ooid, ooid);
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned int flags, 
timestamp_t at_time, in
                if (flags & GET_OID_QUIETLY)
                        exit(128);
                else
-                       die("Log for %s is empty.", refname);
+                       die("log for %s is empty", refname);
        }
        if (cb.found_it)
                return 0;
@@ -1845,7 +1845,7 @@ int ref_update_reject_duplicates(struct string_list 
*refnames,
 
                if (!cmp) {
                        strbuf_addf(err,
-                                   "multiple updates for ref '%s' not 
allowed.",
+                                   "multiple updates for ref '%s' not allowed",
                                    refnames->items[i].string);
                        return 1;
                } else if (cmp > 0) {
diff --git a/refspec.c b/refspec.c
index ada7854f7a..6e1efd4d60 100644
--- a/refspec.c
+++ b/refspec.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void refspec_item_init(struct refspec_item *item, const 
char *refspec, int fetch
        memset(item, 0, sizeof(*item));
 
        if (!parse_refspec(item, refspec, fetch))
-               die("Invalid refspec '%s'", refspec);
+               die("invalid refspec '%s'", refspec);
 }
 
 void refspec_item_clear(struct refspec_item *item)
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index cca968043e..def8ae587f 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts 
*opts)
        case REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE:
                return N_("rebase -i");
        }
-       die(_("Unknown action: %d"), opts->action);
+       die(_("unknown action: %d"), opts->action);
 }
 
 struct commit_message {
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ static const char *command_to_string(const enum 
todo_command command)
 {
        if (command < TODO_COMMENT)
                return todo_command_info[command].str;
-       die("Unknown command: %d", command);
+       die("unknown command: %d", command);
 }
 
 static char command_to_char(const enum todo_command command)
@@ -2605,7 +2605,7 @@ static int error_with_patch(struct commit *commit,
                        "\n"
                        "  git rebase --continue\n", gpg_sign_opt_quoted(opts));
        } else if (exit_code)
-               fprintf(stderr, "Could not apply %s... %.*s\n",
+               fprintf_ln(stderr, "Could not apply %s... %.*s",
                        short_commit_name(commit), subject_len, subject);
 
        return exit_code;
@@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ static int do_label(const char *name, int len)
        struct object_id head_oid;
 
        if (len == 1 && *name == '#')
-               return error("Illegal label name: '%.*s'", len, name);
+               return error("illegal label name: '%.*s'", len, name);
 
        strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
        strbuf_addf(&msg, "rebase -i (label) '%.*s'", len, name);
diff --git a/sha1-file.c b/sha1-file.c
index 555e780f4b..d2df30c4c4 100644
--- a/sha1-file.c
+++ b/sha1-file.c
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ static void git_hash_sha1_final(unsigned char *hash, 
git_hash_ctx *ctx)
 
 static void git_hash_unknown_init(git_hash_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       die("trying to init unknown hash");
+       BUG("trying to init unknown hash");
 }
 
 static void git_hash_unknown_update(git_hash_ctx *ctx, const void *data, 
size_t len)
 {
-       die("trying to update unknown hash");
+       BUG("trying to update unknown hash");
 }
 
 static void git_hash_unknown_final(unsigned char *hash, git_hash_ctx *ctx)
 {
-       die("trying to finalize unknown hash");
+       BUG("trying to finalize unknown hash");
 }
 
 const struct git_hash_algo hash_algos[GIT_HASH_NALGOS] = {
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ static int alt_odb_usable(struct raw_object_store *o,
        /* Detect cases where alternate disappeared */
        if (!is_directory(path->buf)) {
                error("object directory %s does not exist; "
-                     "check .git/objects/info/alternates.",
+                     "check .git/objects/info/alternates",
                      path->buf);
                return 0;
        }
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index e1fd0f0ca8..05e68a6671 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" 
(middle of history wit
        test_when_finished "rm -f o e" &&
        git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" >o 2>e &&
        test $B = $(cat o) &&
-       test "warning: Log for ref $m has gap after $gd." = "$(cat e)"
+       test "warning: log for ref $m has gap after $gd" = "$(cat e)"
 '
 test_expect_success 'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" (middle of history)' 
'
        test_when_finished "rm -f o e" &&
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Query "master@{2005-05-28}" (past end 
of history)' '
        test_when_finished "rm -f o e" &&
        git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-28}" >o 2>e &&
        test $D = $(cat o) &&
-       test "warning: Log for ref $m unexpectedly ended on $ld." = "$(cat e)"
+       test "warning: log for ref $m unexpectedly ended on $ld" = "$(cat e)"
 '
 
 rm -f .git/$m .git/logs/$m expect
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stdin fails with duplicate refs' '
        create $a $m
        EOF
        test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
-       grep "fatal: multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+       grep "fatal: multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works' '
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails option with unknown 
name' '
 test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails with duplicate refs' '
        printf $F "create $a" "$m" "create $b" "$m" "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
        test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
-       grep "fatal: multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+       grep "fatal: multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works' '
diff --git a/t/t3005-ls-files-relative.sh b/t/t3005-ls-files-relative.sh
index 377869432e..341fad54ce 100755
--- a/t/t3005-ls-files-relative.sh
+++ b/t/t3005-ls-files-relative.sh
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files -c' '
                cd top/sub &&
                for f in ../y*
                do
-                       echo "error: pathspec $sq$f$sq did not match any 
file(s) known to git."
+                       echo "error: pathspec $sq$f$sq did not match any 
file(s) known to git"
                done >expect.err &&
                echo "Did you forget to ${sq}git add${sq}?" >>expect.err &&
                ls ../x* >expect.out &&
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files -o' '
                cd top/sub &&
                for f in ../x*
                do
-                       echo "error: pathspec $sq$f$sq did not match any 
file(s) known to git."
+                       echo "error: pathspec $sq$f$sq did not match any 
file(s) known to git"
                done >expect.err &&
                echo "Did you forget to ${sq}git add${sq}?" >>expect.err &&
                ls ../y* >expect.out &&
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
index 362b1581e0..88c7f158ef 100755
--- a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ test_expect_success 'forced push' '
 test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
        GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
        git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
-       grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+       grep "this remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
        compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
 '
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
        (cd local2 &&
        git reset --hard &&
        GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
-       grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+       grep "this remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
        compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
 '
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
        (cd local &&
        test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git fetch 2>error &&
        cat error &&
-       grep -q "Error while running fast-import" error
+       grep -q "error while running fast-import" error
        )
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh 
b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
index c61e304e97..c9162c54f4 100755
--- a/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
+++ b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test ident field is working' '
        mkdir ../other_worktree &&
        cp -R done dthree dtwo four three ../other_worktree &&
        GIT_WORK_TREE=../other_worktree git status 2>../err &&
-       echo "warning: Untracked cache is disabled on this system or location." 
>../expect &&
+       echo "warning: untracked cache is disabled on this system or location" 
>../expect &&
        test_i18ncmp ../expect ../err
 '
 
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 1f8ff7e942..9f487cc905 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void sendline(struct helper_data *helper, struct 
strbuf *buffer)
        if (debug)
                fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: -> %s", buffer->buf);
        if (write_in_full(helper->helper->in, buffer->buf, buffer->len) < 0)
-               die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
+               die_errno("full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
 static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static void write_constant(int fd, const char *str)
        if (debug)
                fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: -> %s", str);
        if (write_in_full(fd, str, strlen(str)) < 0)
-               die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
+               die_errno("full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
 static const char *remove_ext_force(const char *url)
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport 
*transport)
 
        code = start_command(helper);
        if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
-               die("Unable to find remote helper for '%s'", data->name);
+               die("unable to find remote helper for '%s'", data->name);
        else if (code != 0)
                exit(code);
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport 
*transport)
         */
        duped = dup(helper->out);
        if (duped < 0)
-               die_errno("Can't dup helper output fd");
+               die_errno("can't dup helper output fd");
        data->out = xfdopen(duped, "r");
 
        write_constant(helper->in, "capabilities\n");
@@ -196,13 +196,13 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport 
*transport)
                } else if (starts_with(capname, "no-private-update")) {
                        data->no_private_update = 1;
                } else if (mandatory) {
-                       die("Unknown mandatory capability %s. This remote "
-                           "helper probably needs newer version of Git.",
+                       die("unknown mandatory capability %s; this remote "
+                           "helper probably needs newer version of Git",
                            capname);
                }
        }
        if (!data->rs.nr && (data->import || data->bidi_import || 
data->export)) {
-               warning("This remote helper should implement refspec 
capability.");
+               warning("this remote helper should implement refspec 
capability");
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        if (debug)
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
        get_helper(transport);
 
        if (get_importer(transport, &fastimport))
-               die("Couldn't run fast-import");
+               die("couldn't run fast-import");
 
        for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
                posn = to_fetch[i];
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
         */
 
        if (finish_command(&fastimport))
-               die("Error while running fast-import");
+               die("error while running fast-import");
 
        /*
         * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
                        private = xstrdup(name);
                if (private) {
                        if (read_ref(private, &posn->old_oid) < 0)
-                               die("Could not read ref %s", private);
+                               die("could not read ref %s", private);
                        free(private);
                }
        }
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ static int run_connect(struct transport *transport, struct 
strbuf *cmdbuf)
         */
        duped = dup(helper->out);
        if (duped < 0)
-               die_errno("Can't dup helper output fd");
+               die_errno("can't dup helper output fd");
        input = xfdopen(duped, "r");
        setvbuf(input, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
 
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ static int run_connect(struct transport *transport, struct 
strbuf *cmdbuf)
                        fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Falling back to dumb "
                                "transport.\n");
        } else {
-               die("Unknown response to connect: %s",
+               die("unknown response to connect: %s",
                        cmdbuf->buf);
        }
 
@@ -595,9 +595,9 @@ static int process_connect_service(struct transport 
*transport,
        if (strcmp(name, exec)) {
                int r = set_helper_option(transport, "servpath", exec);
                if (r > 0)
-                       warning("Setting remote service path not supported by 
protocol.");
+                       warning("setting remote service path not supported by 
protocol");
                else if (r < 0)
-                       warning("Invalid remote service path.");
+                       warning("invalid remote service path");
        }
 
        if (data->connect) {
@@ -640,10 +640,10 @@ static int connect_helper(struct transport *transport, 
const char *name,
        /* Get_helper so connect is inited. */
        get_helper(transport);
        if (!data->connect)
-               die("Operation not supported by protocol.");
+               die("operation not supported by protocol");
 
        if (!process_connect_service(transport, name, exec))
-               die("Can't connect to subservice %s.", name);
+               die("can't connect to subservice %s", name);
 
        fd[0] = data->helper->out;
        fd[1] = data->helper->in;
@@ -978,12 +978,12 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport 
*transport,
        }
 
        if (get_exporter(transport, &exporter, &revlist_args))
-               die("Couldn't run fast-export");
+               die("couldn't run fast-export");
 
        string_list_clear(&revlist_args, 1);
 
        if (finish_command(&exporter))
-               die("Error while running fast-export");
+               die("error while running fast-export");
        if (push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags))
                return 1;
 
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport 
*transport, int for_push,
 
                eov = strchr(buf.buf, ' ');
                if (!eov)
-                       die("Malformed response in ref list: %s", buf.buf);
+                       die("malformed response in ref list: %s", buf.buf);
                eon = strchr(eov + 1, ' ');
                *eov = '\0';
                if (eon)
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport 
*transport, int for_push,
                        if (has_attribute(eon + 1, "unchanged")) {
                                (*tail)->status |= REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
                                if (read_ref((*tail)->name, &(*tail)->old_oid) 
< 0)
-                                       die(_("Could not read ref %s"),
+                                       die(_("could not read ref %s"),
                                            (*tail)->name);
                        }
                }
@@ -1322,11 +1322,11 @@ static int tloop_spawnwait_tasks(struct 
bidirectional_transfer_state *s)
        err = pthread_create(&gtp_thread, NULL, udt_copy_task_routine,
                &s->gtp);
        if (err)
-               die("Can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
+               die("can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
        err = pthread_create(&ptg_thread, NULL, udt_copy_task_routine,
                &s->ptg);
        if (err)
-               die("Can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
+               die("can't start thread for copying data: %s", strerror(err));
 
        ret |= tloop_join(gtp_thread, "Git to program copy");
        ret |= tloop_join(ptg_thread, "Program to git copy");
@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ static int tloop_spawnwait_tasks(struct 
bidirectional_transfer_state *s)
        /* Fork thread #1: git to program. */
        pid1 = fork();
        if (pid1 < 0)
-               die_errno("Can't start thread for copying data");
+               die_errno("can't start thread for copying data");
        else if (pid1 == 0) {
                udt_kill_transfer(&s->ptg);
                exit(udt_copy_task_routine(&s->gtp) ? 0 : 1);
@@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ static int tloop_spawnwait_tasks(struct 
bidirectional_transfer_state *s)
        /* Fork thread #2: program to git. */
        pid2 = fork();
        if (pid2 < 0)
-               die_errno("Can't start thread for copying data");
+               die_errno("can't start thread for copying data");
        else if (pid2 == 0) {
                udt_kill_transfer(&s->gtp);
                exit(udt_copy_task_routine(&s->ptg) ? 0 : 1);
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index a32da30dee..2f6a7cb4cd 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_from_bundle(struct transport 
*transport,
                close(data->fd);
        data->fd = read_bundle_header(transport->url, &data->header);
        if (data->fd < 0)
-               die ("Could not read bundle '%s'.", transport->url);
+               die("could not read bundle '%s'.", transport->url);
        for (i = 0; i < data->header.references.nr; i++) {
                struct ref_list_entry *e = data->header.references.list + i;
                struct ref *ref = alloc_ref(e->name);
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, 
const char *url)
        ret->progress = isatty(2);
 
        if (!remote)
-               die("No remote provided to transport_get()");
+               BUG("No remote provided to transport_get()");
 
        ret->got_remote_refs = 0;
        ret->remote = remote;
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
                                                      transport->push_options,
                                                      pretend)) {
                                oid_array_clear(&commits);
-                               die("Failed to push all needed submodules!");
+                               die("failed to push all needed submodules!");
                        }
                        oid_array_clear(&commits);
                }
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const 
char *name,
        if (transport->vtable->connect)
                return transport->vtable->connect(transport, name, exec, fd);
        else
-               die("Operation not supported by protocol");
+               die("operation not supported by protocol");
 }
 
 int transport_disconnect(struct transport *transport)
-- 
2.18.0.rc0.333.g22e6ee6cdf

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