On Jan 16, 2014, at 15:19, Junio C Hamano wrote:
Jonathan Nieder <jrnie...@gmail.com> writes:
FWIW this should help on Mac OS X, too. Folks using git on mac
at $DAYJOB have been using the workaround described at
http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/CACertificates#Mac_OS_X_10.6_and_higher
so I forgot to report it. :/
Hmph, is that the same issue, though? That page seems to suggest
using an empty ca file that does not have any useful information as
a workaround.
I had written up this draft email that describes the situation on OS X
and decided it might not be exactly on topic and wasn't going to send
it, but, since you asked... ;)
OpenSSL's default location can be found with:
openssl version -d
On my Ubuntu system I get this:
$ openssl version -d
OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/lib/ssl"
Then if I look in there like so:
$ ls -l /usr/lib/ssl
total 8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 certs -> /etc/ssl/certs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 engines
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 misc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 openssl.cnf -> /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 private -> /etc/ssl/private
And that's how it ends up using /etc/ssl/certs. From the
SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations man page:
"When looking up CA certificates, the OpenSSL library will first
search the certificates in CAfile, then those in CApath."
The default CAfile is "cert.pem" and the default CApath is "certs"
both located in the openssl version -d directory. See the crypto/
cryptlib.h header [1].
On my OS X platform depending on which version of OpenSSL I'm using,
the OPENSSLDIR path would be one of these:
/System/Library/OpenSSL
/opt/local/etc/openssl
And neither of those uses a "certs" directory, they both use a
"cert.pem" bundle instead:
$ ls -l /System/Library/OpenSSL
total 32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root wheel 42 cert.pem -> ../../../usr/share/curl/
curl-ca-bundle.crt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 certs
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 272 misc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 9381 openssl.cnf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 private
# the certs directory is empty
$ ls -l /opt/local/etc/openssl
total 32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root admin 35 cert.pem@ -> ../../share/curl/curl-
ca-bundle.crt
drwxr-xr-x 9 root admin 306 misc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 10835 openssl.cnf
Notice neither of those refers to /etc/ssl/certs at all.
So the short answer is, yes, hard-coding /etc/ssl/certs as the path on
OS X is incorrect and if setting /etc/ssl/certs as the path has the
effect of replacing the default locations the verification will
fail. Of course Apple patches the included version of OpenSSL
starting with OS X 10.6 to look in Apple's keychain, but if you're
using a MacPorts-built version that won't happen and still /etc/ssl/
certs will be wrong in both cases.
As for the hint in that wiki/CACertificates link above, that does seem
odd to me as well.
A much better solution would be (if python simply MUST have a file) to
export the system's list of trusted root certificates like so:
security export -k \
/System/Library/Keychains/SystemRootCertificates.keychain \
-t certs -f pemseq > rootcerts.pem
# the generated rootcerts.pem file is suitable for use with the
# openssl verify -CAfile option (root certs)
# Substituting SystemCACertificates for SystemRootCertificates
# produces a file suitable for use with the
# openssl verify -untrusted option (intermediate certs)
and then point python to that rootcerts.pem file. This file [2] may
be helpful in understanding what's in SystemRootCertificates.keychain
and SystemCACertificates.keychain. The intermediate certs may also
need to be exported to a file and pointed to as well (a quick glance
at the hgrc docs did not turn up an option for this).
--Kyle
[1] http://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=blob;f=crypto/cryptlib.h#l84
[2] <http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/security_certificates/security_certificates-32641/CertificateInstructions.rtf
>
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