Labels were originally designed to manage large amount of
submodules, the discussion steered this in a more general
direction, such that other files can be labeled as well.

Labels are meant to describe arbitrary set of files, which
is not described via the tree layout.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbel...@google.com>
---
 Documentation/gitattributes.txt    |  12 +++
 Documentation/glossary-content.txt |   4 +
 dir.c                              |  50 +++++++++++
 pathspec.c                         |  64 ++++++++++++++-
 pathspec.h                         |   1 +
 t/t6134-pathspec-with-labels.sh    | 164 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 291 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 t/t6134-pathspec-with-labels.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index af2c682..7fd764f 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -906,6 +906,18 @@ If this attribute is not set or has an invalid value, the 
value of the
 (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 
+
+Attaching labels to path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`label`
+^^^^^^^^^^
+By the value of this attribute you can specify a list of arbitrary strings
+to be attached to a path as labels. These labels can be used for
+easier paths matching using pathspecs (linkgit:gitglossary[1]).
+It is recommended to use only alphanumeric characters, dashes and
+underscores for the labels.
+
 USING MACRO ATTRIBUTES
 ----------------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt 
b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 8ad29e6..f990017 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -384,6 +384,10 @@ full pathname may have special meaning:
 +
 Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
 
+label:<white space separated list>;;
+       Additionally to matching the pathspec, the path must habe a 'label'
+       attribute having set all labels listed here.
+
 exclude;;
        After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
        through all exclude pathspec (magic signature: `!`). If it
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 656f272..a86e3ff 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "attr.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "wildmatch.h"
 #include "pathspec.h"
@@ -208,6 +209,52 @@ int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen,
        return 1;
 }
 
+static int has_all_labels(const char *name, int namelen,
+                          const struct string_list *required_labels)
+{
+       static struct git_attr *attr;
+
+       struct git_attr_check check;
+       char *path;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!attr)
+               attr = git_attr("label");
+       check.attr = attr;
+
+       path = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+       if (git_check_attr(path, 1, &check))
+               die("internal bug: git_check_attr died.");
+       free(path);
+
+       if (ATTR_TRUE(check.value))
+               ret = 1; /* has all the labels */
+       else if (ATTR_FALSE(check.value))
+               ret = 0; /* has no labels */
+       else if (ATTR_UNSET(check.value))
+               /*
+                * If no label was specified this matches, otherwise
+                * there is a missing label.
+                */
+               ret = (required_labels->nr > 0) ? 0 : 1;
+       else {
+               struct string_list_item *si;
+               struct string_list attr_labels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+               string_list_split(&attr_labels, check.value, ',', -1);
+               string_list_sort(&attr_labels);
+               ret = 1;
+               for_each_string_list_item(si, required_labels) {
+                       if (!string_list_has_string(&attr_labels, si->string)) {
+                               ret = 0;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               string_list_clear(&attr_labels, 0);
+       }
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
 #define DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE   1
 #define DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY 2
 
@@ -263,6 +310,9 @@ static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item 
*item, int prefix,
            strncmp(item->match, name - prefix, item->prefix))
                return 0;
 
+       if (item->labels && !has_all_labels(name, namelen, item->labels))
+               return 0;
+
        /* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
        if (!*match)
                return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
index 4dff252..c65428a 100644
--- a/pathspec.c
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -88,12 +88,40 @@ static void prefix_short_magic(struct strbuf *sb, int 
prefixlen,
        strbuf_addf(sb, ",prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
 }
 
+static int check_valid_label_name(const char *label)
+{
+       if (!label || !strlen(label))
+               return -1;
+
+       if (!isalpha(*label))
+               return -1;
+
+       while (*label) {
+               if (!(isalnum(*label) ||
+                       *label == '-' ||
+                       *label == '_'))
+                       return -1;
+               label++;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void validate_label_name(const char *label)
+{
+       if (check_valid_label_name(label))
+               warning(_("Label '%s' discouraged. Recommended label names 
start "
+                       "with an alphabetic character and use only alphanumeric 
"
+                       "characters, dashes and underscores."), label);
+}
+
 static void eat_long_magic(struct pathspec_item *item, const char *elt,
                unsigned *magic, int *pathspec_prefix,
                const char **copyfrom_, const char **long_magic_end)
 {
        int i;
        const char *copyfrom = *copyfrom_;
+       const char *body;
        /* longhand */
        const char *nextat;
        for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
@@ -108,15 +136,30 @@ static void eat_long_magic(struct pathspec_item *item, 
const char *elt,
                if (!len)
                        continue;
 
-               if (starts_with(copyfrom, "prefix:")) {
+               if (skip_prefix(copyfrom, "prefix:", &body)) {
                        char *endptr;
-                       *pathspec_prefix = strtol(copyfrom + 7,
-                                                 &endptr, 10);
+                       *pathspec_prefix = strtol(body, &endptr, 10);
                        if (endptr - copyfrom != len)
                                die(_("invalid parameter for pathspec magic 
'prefix'"));
                        continue;
                }
 
+               /* The label token may have no argument, so no trailing ':' */
+               if (skip_prefix(copyfrom, "label", &body)) {
+                       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+                       skip_prefix(body, ":", &body);
+                       strbuf_add(&sb, body, nextat - body);
+                       if (!item->labels) {
+                               item->labels = xmalloc(sizeof(*item->labels));
+                               string_list_init(item->labels, 1);
+                       } else
+                               die(_("multiple labels not supported in 
pathspec magic"));
+                       string_list_split(item->labels, sb.buf, ' ', -1);
+                       string_list_remove_empty_items(item->labels, 0);
+                       strbuf_release(&sb);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
                        if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
                            !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
@@ -425,7 +468,7 @@ void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                unsigned short_magic;
                entry = argv[i];
-
+               item[i].labels = NULL;
                item[i].magic = prefix_pathspec(item + i, &short_magic,
                                                argv + i, flags,
                                                prefix, prefixlen, entry);
@@ -447,6 +490,12 @@ void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
                if (item[i].nowildcard_len < item[i].len)
                        pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
                pathspec->magic |= item[i].magic;
+
+               if (item[i].labels) {
+                       struct string_list_item *si;
+                       for_each_string_list_item(si, item[i].labels)
+                               validate_label_name(si->string);
+               }
        }
 
        if (nr_exclude == n)
@@ -502,6 +551,13 @@ void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct 
pathspec *src)
 
 void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
+               if (pathspec->items[i].labels)
+                       string_list_clear(pathspec->items[i].labels, 1);
+               free(pathspec->items[i].labels);
+       }
+
        free(pathspec->items);
        pathspec->items = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
index 0c11262..12ed2b8 100644
--- a/pathspec.h
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ struct pathspec {
                int len, prefix;
                int nowildcard_len;
                int flags;
+               struct string_list *labels;
        } *items;
 };
 
diff --git a/t/t6134-pathspec-with-labels.sh b/t/t6134-pathspec-with-labels.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fe5ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6134-pathspec-with-labels.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test labels in pathspecs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a tree' '
+       mkdir sub &&
+       for p in fileA fileB fileC fileAB fileAC fileBC fileNoLabel 
fileUnsetLabel fileSetLabel; do
+               : >$p &&
+               git add $p &&
+               : >sub/$p
+               git add sub/$p
+       done &&
+       git commit -m $p &&
+       git ls-files >actual &&
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileA
+fileAB
+fileAC
+fileB
+fileBC
+fileC
+fileNoLabel
+fileSetLabel
+fileUnsetLabel
+sub/fileA
+sub/fileAB
+sub/fileAC
+sub/fileB
+sub/fileBC
+sub/fileC
+sub/fileNoLabel
+sub/fileSetLabel
+sub/fileUnsetLabel
+EOF
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pathspec with labels and non existent .gitattributes' '
+       git ls-files ":(label)" >actual &&
+       git ls-files >expect &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pathspec with labels and non existent .gitattributes' '
+       git ls-files ":(label:a)" >actual &&
+       test_must_be_empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup .gitattributes' '
+       cat <<EOF >.gitattributes &&
+fileA label=labelA
+fileB label=labelB
+fileC label=labelC
+fileAB label=labelA,labelB
+fileAC label=labelA,labelC
+fileBC label=labelB,labelC
+fileUnsetLabel -label
+fileSetLabel label
+EOF
+       git add .gitattributes &&
+       git commit -m "add attributes"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check for any label' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+.gitattributes
+fileA
+fileAB
+fileAC
+fileB
+fileBC
+fileC
+fileNoLabel
+fileSetLabel
+sub/fileA
+sub/fileAB
+sub/fileAC
+sub/fileB
+sub/fileBC
+sub/fileC
+sub/fileNoLabel
+sub/fileSetLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label)" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check specific label' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileA
+fileAB
+fileAC
+fileSetLabel
+sub/fileA
+sub/fileAB
+sub/fileAC
+sub/fileSetLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label:labelA)" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check label with 2 labels' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileAB
+fileSetLabel
+sub/fileAB
+sub/fileSetLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label:labelA labelB)" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check label with more labels' '
+       test_must_fail git ls-files ":(label:labelA,label:labelB)" 2>actual &&
+       test_i18ngrep "not supported" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check label with more labels but excluded path' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileAB
+fileB
+fileBC
+fileSetLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label:labelB)" ":(exclude)sub/" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check label excluding other labels' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileAB
+fileB
+fileBC
+fileSetLabel
+sub/fileAB
+sub/fileB
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label:labelB)" ":(exclude,label:labelC)sub/" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'check for explicit unlabeled paths' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+fileUnsetLabel
+sub/fileUnsetLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files . ":(exclude,label)" >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check for paths that have no label' '
+       cat <<EOF >expect &&
+.gitattributes
+fileNoLabel
+sub/fileNoLabel
+EOF
+       git ls-files ":(label)" ":(exclude,label:labelA)" 
":(exclude,label:labelB)"  ":(exclude,label:labelC)"  >actual &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
-- 
2.8.2.401.g6647087.dirty

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