jvanstraten commented on a change in pull request #12279:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/12279#discussion_r797650229



##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/engine/substrait/expression_internal.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// This API is EXPERIMENTAL.
+
+#include "arrow/engine/substrait/expression_internal.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "arrow/builder.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/cast.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/expression.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/expression_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/engine/substrait/extension_types.h"
+#include "arrow/engine/substrait/type_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/engine/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "arrow/visit_scalar_inline.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using internal::checked_cast;
+
+namespace engine {
+
+namespace internal {
+using ::arrow::internal::make_unique;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace {
+
+std::shared_ptr<FixedSizeBinaryScalar> FixedSizeBinaryScalarFromBytes(
+    const std::string& bytes) {
+  auto buf = Buffer::FromString(bytes);
+  auto type = fixed_size_binary(static_cast<int>(buf->size()));
+  return std::make_shared<FixedSizeBinaryScalar>(std::move(buf), 
std::move(type));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Result<compute::Expression> FromProto(const substrait::Expression& expr,
+                                      const ExtensionSet& ext_set) {
+  switch (expr.rex_type_case()) {
+    case substrait::Expression::kLiteral: {
+      ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto datum, FromProto(expr.literal(), ext_set));
+      return compute::literal(std::move(datum));
+    }
+
+    case substrait::Expression::kSelection: {
+      if (!expr.selection().has_direct_reference()) break;
+
+      util::optional<compute::Expression> out;
+      if (expr.selection().has_expression()) {
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(out, FromProto(expr.selection().expression(), 
ext_set));
+      }
+
+      const auto* ref = &expr.selection().direct_reference();
+      while (ref != nullptr) {
+        switch (ref->reference_type_case()) {
+          case substrait::Expression::ReferenceSegment::kStructField: {
+            auto index = ref->struct_field().field();
+            if (!out) {
+              // Root StructField (column selection)
+              out = compute::field_ref(FieldRef(index));
+            } else if (auto out_ref = out->field_ref()) {
+              // Nested StructFields on the root (selection of struct-typed 
column
+              // combined with selecting struct fields)
+              out = compute::field_ref(FieldRef(*out_ref, index));
+            } else if (out->call() && out->call()->function_name == 
"struct_field") {
+              // Nested StructFields on top of an arbitrary expression
+              std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::compute::StructFieldOptions>(
+                  out->call()->options)
+                  ->indices.push_back(index);
+            } else {
+              // First StructField on top of an arbitrary expression
+              out = compute::call("struct_field", {std::move(*out)},
+                                  arrow::compute::StructFieldOptions({index}));
+            }
+
+            // Segment handled, continue with child segment (if any)
+            if (ref->struct_field().has_child()) {
+              ref = &ref->struct_field().child();
+            } else {
+              ref = nullptr;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case substrait::Expression::ReferenceSegment::kListElement: {
+            if (!out) {
+              // Root ListField (illegal)
+              return Status::Invalid(
+                  "substrait::ListElement cannot take a Relation as an 
argument");
+            }
+
+            // ListField on top of an arbitrary expression
+            out = compute::call(
+                "list_element",
+                {std::move(*out), 
compute::literal(ref->list_element().offset())});
+
+            // Segment handled, continue with child segment (if any)
+            if (ref->list_element().has_child()) {
+              ref = &ref->list_element().child();
+            } else {
+              ref = nullptr;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          default:
+            // Unimplemented construct, break out of loop
+            out.reset();
+            ref = nullptr;
+        }
+      }
+      if (out) {
+        return *std::move(out);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case substrait::Expression::kIfThen: {
+      const auto& if_then = expr.if_then();
+      if (!if_then.has_else_()) break;
+      if (if_then.ifs_size() == 0) break;
+
+      if (if_then.ifs_size() == 1) {
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto if_, FromProto(if_then.ifs(0).if_(), 
ext_set));
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto then, FromProto(if_then.ifs(0).then(), 
ext_set));
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto else_, FromProto(if_then.else_(), ext_set));
+        return compute::call("if_else",
+                             {std::move(if_), std::move(then), 
std::move(else_)});
+      }
+
+      std::vector<compute::Expression> conditions, args;
+      std::vector<std::string> condition_names;
+      conditions.reserve(if_then.ifs_size());
+      condition_names.reserve(if_then.ifs_size());
+      size_t name_counter = 0;
+      args.reserve(if_then.ifs_size() + 2);
+      args.emplace_back();
+      for (auto if_ : if_then.ifs()) {
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto compute_if, FromProto(if_.if_(), ext_set));
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto compute_then, FromProto(if_.then(), 
ext_set));
+        conditions.emplace_back(std::move(compute_if));
+        args.emplace_back(std::move(compute_then));
+        condition_names.emplace_back("cond" + std::to_string(++name_counter));
+      }
+      ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto compute_else, FromProto(if_then.else_(), 
ext_set));
+      args.emplace_back(std::move(compute_else));
+      args[0] = compute::call("make_struct", std::move(conditions),
+                              compute::MakeStructOptions(condition_names));
+      return compute::call("case_when", std::move(args));
+    }
+
+    case substrait::Expression::kScalarFunction: {
+      const auto& scalar_fn = expr.scalar_function();
+
+      auto id = ext_set.function_ids()[scalar_fn.function_reference()];
+
+      std::vector<compute::Expression> arguments(scalar_fn.args_size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < scalar_fn.args_size(); ++i) {
+        ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(arguments[i], FromProto(scalar_fn.args(i), 
ext_set));
+      }
+
+      return compute::call(id.name.to_string(), std::move(arguments));
+    }
+
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return Status::NotImplemented("conversion to arrow::compute::Expression from 
",
+                                expr.DebugString());
+}
+
+Result<Datum> FromProto(const substrait::Expression::Literal& lit,
+                        const ExtensionSet& ext_set) {
+  if (lit.nullable()) {
+    // FIXME not sure how this field should be interpreted and there's no way 
to round
+    // trip it through arrow
+    return Status::Invalid(
+        "Nullable Literals - Literal.nullable must be left at the default");
+  }
+
+  switch (lit.literal_type_case()) {
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kBoolean:
+      return Datum(lit.boolean());
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kI8:
+      return Datum(static_cast<int8_t>(lit.i8()));
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kI16:
+      return Datum(static_cast<int16_t>(lit.i16()));
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kI32:
+      return Datum(static_cast<int32_t>(lit.i32()));
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kI64:
+      return Datum(static_cast<int64_t>(lit.i64()));
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kFp32:
+      return Datum(lit.fp32());
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kFp64:
+      return Datum(lit.fp64());
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kString:
+      return Datum(lit.string());
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kBinary:
+      return Datum(BinaryScalar(Buffer::FromString(lit.binary())));
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kTimestamp:
+      return Datum(
+          TimestampScalar(static_cast<int64_t>(lit.timestamp()), 
TimeUnit::MICRO));
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kTimestampTz:
+      return Datum(TimestampScalar(static_cast<int64_t>(lit.timestamp_tz()),
+                                   TimeUnit::MICRO, 
TimestampTzTimezoneString()));
+
+    case substrait::Expression::Literal::kDate:
+      return Datum(Date64Scalar(static_cast<int64_t>(lit.date())));

Review comment:
       You're right. a284e18




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