damccorm opened a new pull request, #41214:
URL: https://github.com/apache/beam/pull/41214

   ### Description
   
   Optimizes `StrUtf8Coder` and `BytesCoderImpl` in 
`sdks/python/apache_beam/coders/coder_impl.py`, 
`sdks/python/apache_beam/coders/coder_impl.pxd`, and 
`sdks/python/apache_beam/coders/coders.py`:
   
   1. **Override `BytesCoderImpl.estimate_size(self, value, nested=False)` 
using `self._get_nested_size(len(value), nested)`:**
      - Avoids falling back to `CoderImpl.estimate_size`, which allocates a 
`ByteCountingOutputStream` and calls `encode_to_stream` on every size 
estimation.
   2. **Add Cython `cdef class StrUtf8CoderImpl(CoderImpl)` and wire 
`StrUtf8Coder._create_impl`:**
      - Replaces the default `CallbackCoderImpl` wrapper on `StrUtf8Coder` with 
a native Cython `CoderImpl` implementing `encode_to_stream`, 
`decode_from_stream`, `encode`, `decode`, and `estimate_size`.
   3. **Short-circuit `type(value) is not bytes` before `isinstance(value, 
np.bytes_)` in `BytesCoderImpl.encode_to_stream`:**
      - Skips the `isinstance(value, np.bytes_)` check for standard `bytes` 
objects on the Cython path.
   
   ### Benchmarks & Performance Impact
   
   - **Microbenchmark Rerun:** [`bench_16_str_utf8_and_bytes_coder_impl` 
(`c2feb961eef`)](https://github.com/damccorm/beam/blob/c2feb961eef2e7d2410825aab9537c62a95e6790/sdks/python/apache_beam/testing/benchmarks/python_sdk_perf/microbenchmarks.py#L273-L284)
 (on branch 
[`perf/py-benchmarks-suite`](https://github.com/damccorm/beam/tree/perf/py-benchmarks-suite))
 — 500,000 `StrUtf8CoderImpl` encode/decode round-trips + 
`BytesCoderImpl.estimate_size` calls improved from **`189.72 ms` -> `66.92 ms` 
(`2.84x` faster, `-64.7%`)** in compiled Cython.
   - **Per-Change Attribution (Most to Least Impact, 500,000 calls each):**
     1. *Most wall-time impact (`57.3%` of savings, `-51.37 ms`, `3.61x` 
faster):* Overriding `BytesCoderImpl.estimate_size` with 
`self._get_nested_size(len(value), nested)` instead of allocating 
`ByteCountingOutputStream` — **`71.03 ms` -> `19.66 ms` (`3.61x` faster)**.
     2. *Second (`42.7%` of savings, `-38.32 ms`, `1.49x` faster):* Adding 
Cython `cdef class StrUtf8CoderImpl(CoderImpl)` (`encode_to_stream`, 
`decode_from_stream`, `encode`, `decode`, `estimate_size`) and `type(value) is 
not bytes` short-circuiting — **`117.06 ms` -> `78.74 ms` (`1.49x` faster)**.
   - **End-to-End Cloud Dataflow Benchmark (`io_coders_transforms`):** Included 
in [`run_io_coders_transforms_pipeline` 
(`c2feb961eef`)](https://github.com/damccorm/beam/blob/c2feb961eef2e7d2410825aab9537c62a95e6790/sdks/python/apache_beam/testing/benchmarks/python_sdk_perf/dataflow_e2e_benchmarks.py#L305-L335)
 (3,000,000 records across TFRecordIO, FileSystems, Coders, BatchElements, 
Partition, and ApproximateQuantiles on `n2-standard-4`), which improved worker 
stage execution time by **1.48x (`-32.4%`, `49.2s` -> `33.3s`)** and reduced 
total billable Dataflow vCPU/Memory/PD usage by **`-11.2%` (`717` -> `637` 
vCPU-s)**.
   
   ### Testing
   - Verified with `pytest sdks/python/apache_beam/coders/coders_test.py 
sdks/python/apache_beam/coders/fast_coders_test.py`.
   


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