osipovartem opened a new issue, #25380:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/25380

   ### Bug description
   
   `UpperFunc` and `LowerFunc` rely on the default 
`ScalarUDFImpl::return_field_from_args`, which marks their result fields 
nullable even when the input field is non-nullable. Both functions are 
null-preserving: a non-null input produces a non-null output, while a nullable 
input remains nullable.
   
   This makes planned schemas less precise and affects clients that consume 
Arrow/SQL result metadata.
   
   ### Expected behavior
   
   `UPPER` and `LOWER` result fields should preserve the input field 
nullability and string data type.
   
   ### Performance constraint
   
   The fix should be schema-only through `return_field_from_args`; it should 
not add runtime dispatch, per-row conversion, or allocation to the vectorized 
kernels.


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