alamb commented on code in PR #18224:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/18224#discussion_r2453133807


##########
datafusion/sql/src/relation/join.rs:
##########
@@ -177,6 +197,122 @@ impl<S: ContextProvider> SqlToRel<'_, S> {
                 .build(),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Try to create a LateralTableFunction node if the relation is a table 
function
+    /// with outer references. Returns None if this is not a lateral table 
function case.
+    fn try_create_lateral_table_function(
+        &self,
+        left: &LogicalPlan,
+        relation: &TableFactor,
+        planner_context: &mut PlannerContext,
+    ) -> Result<Option<LogicalPlan>> {
+        // Check if this is a table function call (either Table or Function 
variant)
+        let (tbl_func_name, func_args_vec, alias) = match relation {
+            TableFactor::Table {
+                name,
+                args: Some(func_args),
+                alias,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                let name_str = name
+                    .0
+                    .first()
+                    .and_then(|ident| ident.as_ident())
+                    .ok_or_else(|| plan_datafusion_err!("Invalid table 
function name"))?
+                    .to_string();
+                (name_str, func_args.args.clone(), alias.as_ref())
+            }
+            TableFactor::Function {
+                name, args, alias, ..
+            } => {
+                let name_str = name
+                    .0
+                    .first()
+                    .and_then(|ident| ident.as_ident())
+                    .ok_or_else(|| plan_datafusion_err!("Invalid function 
name"))?
+                    .to_string();
+                (name_str, args.clone(), alias.as_ref())
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(None),
+        };
+
+        // Parse arguments to expressions
+        // Use the outer from schema so that column references are properly 
recognized
+        let schema_for_args = planner_context
+            .outer_from_schema()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(DFSchema::empty()));
+
+        let args = func_args_vec
+            .iter()
+            .map(|arg| {
+                if let FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr)) = arg 
{
+                    self.sql_expr_to_logical_expr(
+                        expr.clone(),
+                        &schema_for_args,
+                        planner_context,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    plan_err!("Unsupported function argument type")
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+        // LATERAL functions evaluate row-by-row when referencing outer columns
+        let has_column_refs = args.iter().any(|expr| {
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Column(_)) || expr.contains_outer()
+        });
+
+        if has_column_refs {
+            // For table functions with outer references, we need to get the 
schema
+            // but can't actually call the function yet (outer refs not 
resolved).
+            // We'll replace outer references with placeholder literals to get 
the schema.
+            let placeholder_args: Vec<Expr> = args
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(idx, arg)| {
+                    if matches!(arg, Expr::Column(_)) || arg.contains_outer() {
+                        let data_type = arg.get_type(&schema_for_args)?;
+
+                        // Use incrementing values (1, 2, 3...) to ensure 
valid ranges for functions
+                        // like generate_series(start, end) where start < end
+                        let val = (idx + 1) as i64;
+
+                        let placeholder =
+                            ScalarValue::try_new_placeholder(&data_type, val)?;
+
+                        Ok(Expr::Literal(placeholder, None))
+                    } else {
+                        Ok(arg.clone())
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+            let provider = self
+                .context_provider
+                .get_table_function_source(&tbl_func_name, placeholder_args)?;

Review Comment:
   Maybe it would be simpler we added a new function to the table provider so 
it could report its schema rather than making a fake set of arguments just to 
instantiate the function to get the schema



##########
datafusion/core/src/execution/lateral_table_function.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Execution plan for LATERAL table functions
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+use arrow::array::ArrayRef;
+use arrow::compute::concat_batches;
+use arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef;
+use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
+use datafusion_catalog::TableFunction;
+use datafusion_common::{internal_err, Result, ScalarValue};
+use datafusion_execution::TaskContext;
+use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, Expr};
+use datafusion_physical_expr::{EquivalenceProperties, PhysicalExpr};
+use datafusion_physical_plan::{
+    DisplayAs, DisplayFormatType, ExecutionPlan, ExecutionPlanProperties, 
PlanProperties,
+    RecordBatchStream, SendableRecordBatchStream,
+};
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use futures::stream::Stream;
+use futures::{ready, FutureExt, StreamExt};
+
+use crate::execution::session_state::SessionState;
+
+/// Execution plan for LATERAL table functions

Review Comment:
   does this mirror the implementation in another system (e.g. duckdb)? It 
seems very special purpose



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