I modified the patch a tiny bit. Still hoping to get this in for an
upcoming prime-gap search project.

On Sat, Aug 29, 2020 at 1:24 AM Seth Troisi <brain...@gmail.com> wrote:

> I made a few improvements.
>
> tested with '--enable-assert' and verified no impact to timing with
> `./tune/speed -f 1.02 -s 10-260 mpz_prevprime -p100000000 -P time_prevprime`
> comparing with mpz_nextprime (before and after my change)
>
> On Fri, Mar 27, 2020 at 2:29 AM Seth Troisi <brain...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Thanks for the quick review and probing comments.
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 26, 2020 at 2:00 PM Marco Bodrato <bodr...@mail.dm.unipi.it>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Ciao,
>>>
>>> Il 2020-03-25 02:25 Seth Troisi ha scritto:
>>> > I'm back with a new mpz_prevprime patch
>>>
>>> diff -r 805304ca965a doc/gmp.texi
>>> +@deftypefun int mpz_prevprime (mpz_t @var{rop}, const mpz_t @var{op})
>>>
>>> +If previous prime doesn't exist (e.g. @var{op} < 3), rop is unchanged
>>> and
>>> +0 is returned.
>>>
>>> I suggest "i.e." instead of "e.g.".
>>>
>> Replaced
>>
>>>
>>> diff -r 805304ca965a mpz/nextprime.c
>>> +findnext_small (unsigned t, short diff)
>>> [...]
>>> +  ASSERT (t > 0 || (diff < 0 && t > 2));
>>>
>>> This is equivalent to (t > 0). Do you mean (t > 2 || (diff > 0 && t >
>>> 0))?
>>>
>> Yes. changed now.
>>
>>>
>>> +  t = diff > 0 ? ((t + 1) | (t > 1)) :
>>> +                 ((t == 3) ? 2 : ((t - 2) | 1));
>>>
>>> Maybe move this to the caller side? Or partially, leaving here just
>>>    ASSERT (t >= 2);
>>>    t |= (t != 2);
>>>
>> I moved this to the caller side (so that both findnext and findnext_small
>> consider p) and added some comments
>>
>>>
>>> -void
>>> -mpz_nextprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr n)
>>> +int
>>> +findnext (mpz_ptr p,
>>>
>>> If the function is not public any more, use static.
>>>
>> Done.
>>
>>>
>>> -  mpz_setbit (p, 0);
>>>
>>> This line can still be here, maybe converted to
>>> * PTR (p) |= 1;
>>>
>> This has been moved to the outer functions.
>> Maybe I should add a test that p is odd?
>> Something like ASSERT (PTR(p) & 1 == 0);
>>
>>
>>> +  /* smaller numbers handled earlier*/
>>> +  ASSERT (nbits >= 15);
>>>
>>> Not needed. Maybe ASSERT (nbits > 3), because we don't want to handle
>>> very small numbers with this code.
>>>
>> Changed back to nbits > 3  and added an ASSERT (SIZ(p) > 0);
>>
>>>
>>> +int
>>> +mpz_prevprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr n)
>>> +{
>>> +  /* First handle tiny numbers */
>>> +  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, 2) <= 0)
>>> +    return 0;
>>> +
>>> +  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, NP_SMALL_LIMIT) < 0)
>>> +    {
>>> +      ASSERT (NP_SMALL_LIMIT < UINT_MAX);
>>> +      mpz_set_ui (p, findnext_small (SIZ (n) > 0 ? mpz_get_ui (n) : 1,
>>> -2));
>>> +      return 2;
>>> +    }
>>>
>>> The line "if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, 2) <= 0)" already handle the case (SIZ (n)
>>> <= 0), checking if (SIZ (n) > 0) is a nonsense
>>> Anyway... assume that code is used: what happens if findnext_small(1,-2)
>>> is called?
>>>
>> This has been reworked but should never have been included.
>>
>>>
>>> diff -r 805304ca965a tests/mpz/t-nextprime.c
>>> [...]
>>> +refmpz_prevprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr t)
>>> [...]
>>> +  if (mpz_cmp_ui(t, 3) <= 0)
>>>
>>> The loop after that branch handles also that case, don't it?
>>>
>> Yes, I was counting by two but I reverted that at some point.
>>
>>>
>>>
>>>   test_largegaps ()
>>>   {
>>> [...]
>>> +  mpz_set_ui (n, 3842610773);
>>> [...]
>>> +  mpz_set_ui (n, 18361375334787046697UL);
>>>
>>> Those lines can fail at compile time... if 3842610773 does not fit in an
>>> int and 18361375334787046697 not in an unsigned long. E.g. when
>>> sizeof(int)==4.
>>> Use _set_str.
>>>
>>> +  mpz_mul_ui (n, n, 4280516017);
>>> [...]
>>> +  mpz_mul_ui (n, n, 3483347771);
>>>
>>> ...
>>>
>>> > I also added large negative tests for mpz_nextprime
>>>
>>> To be honest... I do not like this (undocumented) detail of the current
>>> behaviour of _nextprime. I personally do not like the idea to enforce it
>>> with a test...
>>>
>>> > and we can enable test_largegaps now that the default gap is smaller
>>>
>>> Yes, we should.
>>> I would also check many gaps around 2^{16n}, to check if everything
>>> works correctly when the search crosses the limb boundaries.
>>> Maybe structuring the test with a table {"number(base16?)", gap}, i.e.
>>> with (also) something like:
>>> {"65521", 16},
>>> {"4294967291", 20},
>>> {"281474976710597", 80},
>>> {"18446744073709551557", 72},
>>> {"1208925819614629174706111", 78},
>>> {"79228162514264337593543950319", 78},
>>> {"5192296858534827628530496329220021", 100},
>>> {"340282366920938463463374607431768211297", 210},
>>>
>> I did this (using hex form) I threw in some 16*n-1 also
>>
>>>
>>>
>>> +void
>>> +test_prevprime (gmp_randstate_ptr rands, int reps)
>>> [...]
>>> +  /* Test mpz_prevprime(3 <= n < 2^45) returns 2. */
>>> [...]
>>> +  /* Test mpz_prevprime(n > 2^70) returns 1. */
>>> [...]
>>> +        if ( retval != 1 )
>>> [...]
>>>
>>> I do not understand. A test-function should fail if a function behaviour
>>> does not agree with the documented interface, or it can fail for some
>>> other kind of regression that we want to avoid...
>>> Your test will warn us against possible improvements! What if the future
>>> primality testing functions will return 2 on some large primes?
>>>
>>
>> I modified the tests so that it makes it more clean that it's testing
>> that it verifies the retval matches
>> the return of mpz_prob_prime.
>>
>>
>>> Ok, I'm sleepy now. I hope I did not write wrong things. Good night!
>>>
>> Given the number of times you are pointing our real issues, I wouldn't be
>> worried about writing one or two wrong comments :)
>>
>>>
>>> Ĝis,
>>> m
>>
>>
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 doc/gmp.texi
--- a/doc/gmp.texi	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/doc/gmp.texi	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -3563,8 +3563,19 @@
 @deftypefun void mpz_nextprime (mpz_t @var{rop}, const mpz_t @var{op})
 @cindex Next prime function
 Set @var{rop} to the next prime greater than @var{op}.
-
-This function uses a probabilistic algorithm to identify primes.  For
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int mpz_prevprime (mpz_t @var{rop}, const mpz_t @var{op})
+@cindex Previous prime function
+Set @var{rop} to the greatest prime less than @var{op}.
+
+If a previous prime doesn't exist (i.e. @var{op} < 3), rop is unchanged and
+0 is returned.
+
+Return 1 if @var{rop} is a probably prime, and 2 if @var{rop} is definitely
+prime.
+
+These functions use a probabilistic algorithm to identify primes.  For
 practical purposes it's adequate, the chance of a composite passing will be
 extremely small.
 @end deftypefun
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 gmp-h.in
--- a/gmp-h.in	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/gmp-h.in	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -947,6 +947,9 @@
 #define mpz_nextprime __gmpz_nextprime
 __GMP_DECLSPEC void mpz_nextprime (mpz_ptr, mpz_srcptr);
 
+#define mpz_prevprime __gmpz_prevprime
+__GMP_DECLSPEC int mpz_prevprime (mpz_ptr, mpz_srcptr);
+
 #define mpz_out_raw __gmpz_out_raw
 #ifdef _GMP_H_HAVE_FILE
 __GMP_DECLSPEC size_t mpz_out_raw (FILE *, mpz_srcptr);
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 mpz/nextprime.c
--- a/mpz/nextprime.c	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/mpz/nextprime.c	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -124,14 +124,20 @@
 }
 
 static unsigned
-mpz_nextprime_small (unsigned t)
+findnext_small (unsigned t, short diff)
 {
-  ASSERT (t > 0); /* Expect t=1 if the operand was smaller.*/
+  /* For diff= 2, expect t = 1 if operand was negative.
+   * For diff=-2, expect t >= 3
+   */
+  ASSERT (t >= 3 || (diff > 0 && t >= 1));
   ASSERT (t < NP_SMALL_LIMIT);
 
   /* Start from next candidate (2 or odd) */
-  t = (t + 1) | (t > 1);
-  for (; ; t += 2)
+  t = diff > 0 ?
+    (t + 1) | (t != 1) :
+    ((t - 2) | 1) + (t == 3);
+
+  for (; ; t += diff)
     {
       unsigned prime = 3;
       for (int i = 0; ; prime += primegap_small[i++])
@@ -148,8 +154,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-void
-mpz_nextprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr n)
+static int
+findnext (mpz_ptr p,
+          unsigned long(*nextmod_func)(const mpz_t, unsigned long),
+          void(*nextseq_func)(mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long))
 {
   char *composite;
   const unsigned char *primegap;
@@ -160,19 +168,14 @@
   unsigned odds_in_composite_sieve;
   TMP_DECL;
 
-  /* First handle small numbers */
-  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, NP_SMALL_LIMIT) < 0)
-    {
-      ASSERT (NP_SMALL_LIMIT < UINT_MAX);
-      mpz_set_ui (p, mpz_nextprime_small (SIZ (n) > 0 ? mpz_get_ui (n) : 1));
-      return;
-    }
-  mpz_add_ui (p, n, 1);
-  mpz_setbit (p, 0);
-
   TMP_MARK;
   pn = SIZ(p);
   MPN_SIZEINBASE_2EXP(nbits, PTR(p), pn, 1);
+  /* Smaller numbers handled earlier */
+  ASSERT (nbits >= 3);
+  /* p odd */
+  ASSERT ((PTR(p)[0] & 1) == 1);
+
   if (nbits / 2 <= NUMBER_OF_PRIMES)
     {
       primegap = primegap_small;
@@ -229,12 +232,13 @@
     {
       unsigned long difference;
       unsigned long incr, prime;
+      int primetest;
 
       memset (composite, 0, odds_in_composite_sieve);
       prime = 3;
       for (i = 0; i < prime_limit; i++)
         {
-          m = mpz_cdiv_ui(p, prime);
+          m = nextmod_func(p, prime);
           /* Only care about odd multiplies of prime. */
           if (m & 1)
             m += prime;
@@ -252,20 +256,60 @@
           if (composite[incr])
             continue;
 
-          mpz_add_ui (p, p, difference);
+          nextseq_func(p, p, difference);
           difference = 0;
 
           /* Miller-Rabin test */
-          if (mpz_millerrabin (p, 25))
+          primetest = mpz_millerrabin (p, 25);
+          if (primetest)
 	    {
 	      TMP_FREE;
-	      return;
+	      return primetest;
 	    }
         }
 
       /* Sieve next segment, very rare */
-      mpz_add_ui (p, p, difference);
+      nextseq_func(p, p, difference);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+mpz_nextprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr n)
+{
+  /* Handle negative and small numbers */
+  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, NP_SMALL_LIMIT) < 0)
+    {
+      ASSERT (NP_SMALL_LIMIT < UINT_MAX);
+      mpz_set_ui (p, findnext_small (SIZ (n) > 0 ? mpz_get_ui (n) : 1, +2));
+      return;
     }
+
+  /* First odd greater than n */
+  mpz_add_ui (p, n, 1);
+  mpz_setbit (p, 0);
+
+  findnext(p, mpz_cdiv_ui, mpz_add_ui);
+}
+
+int
+mpz_prevprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr n)
+{
+  /* Handle negative and small numbers */
+  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, 2) <= 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (mpz_cmp_ui (n, NP_SMALL_LIMIT) < 0)
+    {
+      ASSERT (NP_SMALL_LIMIT < UINT_MAX);
+      mpz_set_ui (p, findnext_small (mpz_get_ui (n), -2));
+      return 2;
+    }
+
+  /* First odd less than n */
+  mpz_sub_ui (p, n, 2);
+  mpz_setbit (p, 0);
+
+  return findnext(p, mpz_fdiv_ui, mpz_sub_ui);
 }
 
 #undef LOOP_ON_SIEVE_END
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 tests/mpz/t-nextprime.c
--- a/tests/mpz/t-nextprime.c	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/tests/mpz/t-nextprime.c	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -33,10 +33,20 @@
 }
 
 void
+refmpz_prevprime (mpz_ptr p, mpz_srcptr t)
+{
+  if (mpz_cmp_ui(t, 2) <= 0)
+    return;
+
+  mpz_sub_ui (p, t, 1L);
+  while (! mpz_probab_prime_p (p, 10))
+    mpz_sub_ui (p, p, 1L);
+}
+
+void
 test_largegap (mpz_t low, const int gap)
 {
   mpz_t t, nxt;
-
   mpz_init (t);
   mpz_init (nxt);
 
@@ -45,45 +55,55 @@
 
   if (mpz_cmp_ui(t, gap) != 0)
      {
-      gmp_printf ("prime gap %Zd != %d\n", t, gap);
+      gmp_printf ("nextprime gap %Zd => %Zd != %d\n", low, nxt, gap);
       abort ();
     }
 
+  mpz_prevprime(t, nxt);
+  if (mpz_cmp(t, low) != 0)
+    {
+      gmp_printf ("prevprime gap %Zd => %Zd != %d\n", nxt, t, gap);
+      abort ();
+    }
+
+  mpz_clear (nxt);
   mpz_clear (t);
-  mpz_clear (nxt);
 }
 
 void
 test_largegaps ()
 {
-  mpz_t x;
+  mpz_t n;
+
+  mpz_init (n);
 
-  mpz_init (x);
+  // largest gap with start < 2^32.
+  mpz_set_str (n, "3842610773", 10);
+  test_largegap (n, 336);
 
-  // This takes ~3 seconds on a fast computer.
-  // Gap 33008 from P454 = 55261931 * 1063#/210 - 13116
-  mpz_primorial_ui (x, 1063);
-  mpz_mul_ui (x, x, 55261931);
-  mpz_divexact_ui (x, x, 210);
-  mpz_sub_ui (x, x, 13116);
+  // largest gap with start < 2^64.
+  mpz_set_str (n, "18361375334787046697", 10);
+  test_largegap (n, 1550);
 
-  test_largegap(x, 33008);
+  // test high merit primegap in the P30 digit range.
+  mpz_set_str (n, "3001549619028223830552751967", 10);
+  test_largegap (n, 2184);
 
-  mpz_clear (x);
-
+  // test high merit primegap in the P100 range.
+  mpz_primorial_ui (n, 257);
+  mpz_mul_ui (n, n, 4280516017UL);
+  mpz_divexact_ui (n, n, 5610);
+  mpz_sub_ui (n, n, 2560);
+  test_largegap (n, 9006);
 
-  /*
-  // This takes ~30 seconds, it test the deep science magic constant in
-  // nextprime.c but takes too long to be always enabled.
-  // Gap 66520 from P816 = 1931 * 1933# / 7230 - 30244
-  mpz_primorial_ui (x, 1933);
-  mpz_mul_ui (x, x, 1931);
-  mpz_divexact_ui (x, x, 7230);
-  mpz_sub_ui (x, x, 30244);
+  // test high merit primegap in the P200 range.
+  mpz_primorial_ui (n, 409);
+  mpz_mul_ui (n, n, 3483347771UL);
+  mpz_divexact_ui (n, n, 30);
+  mpz_sub_ui (n, n, 7016);
+  test_largegap (n, 15900);
 
-  test_largegap(x, 66520);
-  */
-
+  mpz_clear (n);
 }
 
 void
@@ -112,8 +132,8 @@
 
   if (mpz_cmp (x, y) != 0)
     {
-      gmp_printf ("got  %Zx\n", x);
-      gmp_printf ("want %Zx\n", y);
+      gmp_printf ("got  %Zd\n", x);
+      gmp_printf ("want %Zd\n", y);
       abort ();
     }
 
@@ -121,6 +141,45 @@
   mpz_clear (x);
 }
 
+void
+run_p (const char *start, int reps, const char *end, short diffs[])
+{
+  mpz_t x, y;
+  int i;
+
+  mpz_init_set_str (x, end, 0);
+  mpz_init (y);
+
+  // Last rep doesn't share same data with nextprime
+  for (i = 0; i < reps - 1; i++)
+    {
+      mpz_prevprime (y, x);
+      mpz_sub (x, x, y);
+      if (diffs != NULL &&
+	  (! mpz_fits_sshort_p (x) || diffs[reps - i - 1] != (short) mpz_get_ui (x)))
+	{
+	  gmp_printf ("diff list discrepancy %Zd, %d vs %d\n",
+                y, diffs[i], mpz_get_ui (x));
+	  abort ();
+	}
+      mpz_swap (x, y);
+    }
+
+  // starts aren't always prime, so check that result is less than or equal
+  mpz_prevprime(x, x);
+
+  mpz_set_str(y, start, 0);
+  if (mpz_cmp (x, y) > 0)
+    {
+      gmp_printf ("got  %Zd\n", x);
+      gmp_printf ("want %Zd\n", y);
+    }
+
+  mpz_clear (y);
+  mpz_clear (x);
+}
+
+
 extern short diff1[];
 extern short diff3[];
 extern short diff4[];
@@ -128,15 +187,18 @@
 extern short diff6[];
 
 void
-test_ref(gmp_randstate_ptr rands, int reps) {
+test_ref (gmp_randstate_ptr rands, int reps,
+          void (*func)(mpz_t, const mpz_t),
+          void(*ref_func)(mpz_t, const mpz_t))
+{
   int i;
-  mpz_t bs, x, next_p, ref_next_p;
+  mpz_t bs, x, test_p, ref_p;
   unsigned long size_range;
 
   mpz_init (bs);
   mpz_init (x);
-  mpz_init (next_p);
-  mpz_init (ref_next_p);
+  mpz_init (test_p);
+  mpz_init (ref_p);
 
   for (i = 0; i < reps; i++)
     {
@@ -146,35 +208,59 @@
       mpz_urandomb (bs, rands, size_range);
       mpz_rrandomb (x, rands, mpz_get_ui (bs));
 
-/*      gmp_printf ("%ld: %Zd\n", mpz_sizeinbase (x, 2), x); */
-
-      mpz_nextprime (next_p, x);
-      refmpz_nextprime (ref_next_p, x);
-      if (mpz_cmp (next_p, ref_next_p) != 0)
+      func (test_p, x);
+      ref_func (ref_p, x);
+      if (mpz_cmp (test_p, ref_p) != 0)
         {
-          gmp_printf ("Ref mismatch %Zd => %Zd vs %Zd\n", x, ref_next_p, next_p);
+          gmp_printf ("start %Zd\n", x);
+          gmp_printf ("got   %Zd\n", test_p);
+          gmp_printf ("want  %Zd\n", ref_p);
 	  abort ();
         }
     }
 
   mpz_clear (bs);
   mpz_clear (x);
-  mpz_clear (next_p);
-  mpz_clear (ref_next_p);
+  mpz_clear (test_p);
+  mpz_clear (ref_p);
 }
 
-int
-main (int argc, char **argv)
+void
+test_nextprime(gmp_randstate_ptr rands, int reps)
 {
-  gmp_randstate_ptr rands;
-  int reps = 20;
+  /* Test mpz_nextprime(n <= 1) returns 2. */
+  {
+    long i;
+    mpz_t n, nxtp;
+    mpz_init (n);
+    mpz_init (nxtp);
 
-  tests_start();
+    for (i = -10; i <= 1; i++)
+      {
+        mpz_set_si(n, i);
+        mpz_nextprime (nxtp, n);
+        if ( mpz_cmp_ui (nxtp, 2) != 0 )
+          {
+            gmp_printf ("mpz_nxtprime(%Zd) return %Zd\n", n, nxtp);
+            abort ();
+          }
+      }
 
-  rands = RANDS;
-  TESTS_REPS (reps, argv, argc);
+    for (i = 0; i <= 1000; i++)
+      {
+        mpz_ui_pow_ui(n, 2, i);
+        mpz_neg(n, n);
+        mpz_nextprime (nxtp, n);
+        if ( mpz_cmp_ui (nxtp, 2) != 0 )
+          {
+            gmp_printf ("mpz_prevprime(%Zd) return %Zd\n", n, nxtp);
+            abort ();
+          }
+      }
 
-  test_ref(rands, reps);
+    mpz_clear (n);
+    mpz_clear (nxtp);
+  }
 
   run ("2", 1000, "0x1ef7", diff1);
 
@@ -192,8 +278,107 @@
   run ("0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF80", 50, /* 2^128 - 128 */
        "0x10000000000000000000000000000155B", diff6);
 
-  // Too slow to include in normal testing.
-  //test_largegaps ();
+  test_ref(
+      rands, reps,
+      (void (*)(mpz_t, const mpz_t)) mpz_nextprime,
+      refmpz_nextprime);
+}
+
+void
+test_prevprime (gmp_randstate_ptr rands, int reps)
+{
+  long i;
+  int retval;
+  mpz_t n, prvp;
+
+  mpz_init (n);
+  mpz_init (prvp);
+
+  /* Test mpz_prevprime(n <= 2) returns 0, leaves rop unchanged. */
+  {
+    int temp = 123;
+    mpz_set_ui (prvp, temp);
+    for (i = -10; i <= 2; i++)
+      {
+        mpz_set_si(n, i);
+        retval = mpz_prevprime (prvp, n);
+        if ( retval != 0 || mpz_cmp_ui (prvp, temp) != 0 )
+          {
+            gmp_printf ("mpz_prevprime(%Zd) return (%d) rop (%Zd)\n", n, retval, prvp);
+            abort ();
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Test mpz_prevprime(3 <= n < 2^30) expect definitely prime (return 2). */
+  {
+    for (i = 10; i < 0x40000000L; i += i/10)
+      {
+        mpz_set_ui(n, i);
+        retval = mpz_prevprime (prvp, n);
+        if ( retval != 2 )
+          {
+            gmp_printf ("mpz_prevprime(%Zd) return (%d) rop (%Zd)\n", n, retval, prvp);
+            abort ();
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Test mpz_prevprime(n > 2^70). */
+  {
+    for (i = 70; i < 100; i++)
+      {
+        mpz_ui_pow_ui(n, 2, i);
+        retval = mpz_prevprime (prvp, n);
+        if ( retval == 0 )
+          {
+            gmp_printf ("mpz_prevprime(%Zd) return (%d) rop (%Zd)\n", n, retval, prvp);
+            abort ();
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  mpz_clear (n);
+  mpz_clear (prvp);
+
+  run_p ("2", 1000, "0x1ef7", diff1);
+
+  run_p ("3", 1000 - 1, "0x1ef7", NULL);
+
+  run_p ("0x8a43866f5776ccd5b02186e90d28946aeb0ed914", 50,
+         "0x8a43866f5776ccd5b02186e90d28946aeb0eeec5", diff3);
+
+  run_p ("0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF6C", 50, /* 2^148 - 148 */
+         "0x100000000000000000000000000000000010ab", diff4);
+
+  run_p ("0x1c2c26be55317530311facb648ea06b359b969715db83292ab8cf898d8b1b", 50,
+         "0x1c2c26be55317530311facb648ea06b359b969715db83292ab8cf898da957", diff5);
+
+  run_p ("0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF80", 50, /* 2^128 - 128 */
+         "0x10000000000000000000000000000155B", diff6);
+
+  // Cast away int return from mpz_prevprime for test ref.
+  test_ref(
+      rands, reps,
+      (void (*)(mpz_t, const mpz_t)) mpz_prevprime,
+      refmpz_prevprime);
+}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  gmp_randstate_ptr rands;
+  int reps = 20;
+
+  tests_start();
+
+  rands = RANDS;
+  TESTS_REPS (reps, argv, argc);
+
+  test_nextprime(rands, reps);
+  test_prevprime(rands, reps);
+
+  test_largegaps ();
 
   tests_end ();
   return 0;
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 tests/mpz/t-pprime_p.c
--- a/tests/mpz/t-pprime_p.c	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/tests/mpz/t-pprime_p.c	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
   for (i = 0; i < 300; i++)
     {
       mpz_set_si (n, i);
-      check_pn (n, isprime (i));
+      check_pn (n, 2 * isprime (i));
     }
 
   mpz_clear (n);
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 tune/common.c
--- a/tune/common.c	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/tune/common.c	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -1776,6 +1776,18 @@
 }
 
 double
+speed_mpz_prevprime (struct speed_params *s)
+{
+  SPEED_ROUTINE_MPZ_NEXTPRIME (mpz_prevprime);
+}
+
+double
+speed_mpz_prevprime_1 (struct speed_params *s)
+{
+  SPEED_ROUTINE_MPZ_UNARY_1 (mpz_prevprime);
+}
+
+double
 speed_mpz_jacobi (struct speed_params *s)
 {
   SPEED_ROUTINE_MPZ_JACOBI (mpz_jacobi);
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 tune/speed.c
--- a/tune/speed.c	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/tune/speed.c	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -318,6 +318,8 @@
 
   { "mpz_nextprime",     speed_mpz_nextprime        },
   { "mpz_nextprime_1",   speed_mpz_nextprime_1, FLAG_R_OPTIONAL },
+  { "mpz_prevprime",     speed_mpz_prevprime        },
+  { "mpz_prevprime_1",   speed_mpz_prevprime_1, FLAG_R_OPTIONAL },
 
   { "mpz_jacobi",        speed_mpz_jacobi           },
   { "mpn_jacobi_base",   speed_mpn_jacobi_base      },
diff -r c5d0fcb06969 tune/speed.h
--- a/tune/speed.h	Sat Jul 04 23:15:41 2020 +0200
+++ b/tune/speed.h	Fri Oct 02 18:37:16 2020 -0700
@@ -409,6 +409,8 @@
 double speed_mpz_init_realloc_clear (struct speed_params *);
 double speed_mpz_nextprime (struct speed_params *);
 double speed_mpz_nextprime_1 (struct speed_params *);
+double speed_mpz_prevprime (struct speed_params *);
+double speed_mpz_prevprime_1 (struct speed_params *);
 double speed_mpz_jacobi (struct speed_params *);
 double speed_mpz_lucnum_ui (struct speed_params *);
 double speed_mpz_lucnum2_ui (struct speed_params *);
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