Greetings once again fellow Gromacs-users,

I have seen a substantial and disturbing change in calculated free energy 
differences
between systems run with Gromacs 3.3 and Gromacs 3.3.1. I am trying to 
determine if
these differences are due to the new software, new parameters, insufficient 
sampling, or
something else, and I don't have enough computer time to investigate every 
possible
combination. I turn to the list for insight.

With Gromacs 3.3, I was using thermodynamic integration over 21 equally spaced 
and
independent (delta_lambda=0) windows with the AMBER99 force field ported by the 
Pande
group. I was running two slightly different DNA systems and using thermodynamic 
cycles
to find the quantity of interest by comparing free energy differences. I was 
using soft
cores and incorrectly using sc_alpha=1.51 because I did not realize that the 
default
sc_power was 1 instead of 2 as in the original soft core method. Nonetheless, my
calculations seemed to be in reasonable agreement with experiment and with 
previous
calculations I had performed using NWChem. Recent calculations performed via a 
slightly
different method using AMBER99 within AMBER itself are also in reasonable 
harmony with
these results.

When Gromacs 3.3.1 was released, I was chastised by the software for not 
explictly
setting sc_power, and that's when I realized that the default was 1 and that I 
was using
an incorrect value of sc_alpha. I undertook to rerun my calculations with 
3.3.1, the
same sc_power=1, and the corrected sc_alpha=0.7. I am now getting qualitatively 
wrong
results, though. According to experiment and previous calculations, I should be 
seeing a
difference between my two systems of about -10 kj/mol. In my current 
simulations I am
seeing a difference of about +20 kj/mol. This is after 300 ps of equilibration 
in each
window followed by 500 ps of energy statistics collection. The starting 
structure for
each window was taken from the final frame of a 2 ns ordinary MD production run 
with
free_energy=no and init_lambda=0.

The obvious possibility seems to be that the difference in soft cores has 
nudged the
trajectories so that the luck of the draw has me collecting less representative
statistics. Is such a large change between free energy cycles credibly 
attributable to
slight sampling differences, though? 30 kj/mol seems pretty substantial. On the 
other
hand, my systems do involve a vast number of degrees of freedom (350-700 DNA 
atoms, ~20
of which have altered B-states, ~40,000 water atoms, 11 or 22 Na+) and the 
absolute free
energy changes within each system are on the order of 150 kj/mol.

Is it possible that the change in sc_alpha alone is responsible for the 
difference seen
with my older runs and newer ones? I have looked at the log files and 
parameters don't
seem to be different between the old systems and the new ones. I know that 
there was
some change in how B-state parameters were assigned with 3.3.1, but for a while 
I ran a
CVS version of Gromacs that included this B-state change and I didn't see any 
alteration
in free energy calculations. Has there been any other change to free energy 
calculations
in 3.3.1?

If there are no obvious things to check I will probably be trying fewer 
windows, with
nonlinear spacing, and see if that gives me more believable results that 
converge
faster.

Matt Ernst
Washington State University

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