On Thu, 6 May 2004, Richard Poynder wrote: >sh> it is OA and OA publishing that are conflated (i.e., >sh> treated as if they were the same thing). OA self-archiving is thereby >sh> *overlooked* as a means of providing OA, let alone the far >sh> faster, surer means that it in reality is, and the means that is already >sh> providing far more OA -- and could easily provide it all: 100% > >sh> The second conflation, as I said (after the conflation of OA with OA >sh> publishing, overlooking OA self-archiving) is the conflation of the >sh> journal-affordability problem with the access/impact problem: >sh> And you are doing it again! > > There are a number of reasons why people conflate things. One is that > the person guilty of the conflation does not understand the difference > between the things they are conflating. Another is that although they do > understand there are differences they do not believe those differences > to be significant enough to treat them as entirely separate things.
In this case, the two amount to the same thing: To understand the difference is to understand *why* they should not be conflated: Conflate them and you overlook *actual* OA (20% from OA self-archiving vs. 5% from OA journal publishing) and, more important, you lose immediate *potential* OA (at least 83% from OA self-archiving). Whoever thinks that is not significant surely does not think OA is significant (and hence should preface all pronouncements on OA by saying they do not consider it significant). http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving_files/Slide0037.gif What Richard seems to keep doing by way of reply to this point is to pass in silence over the objective facts raised, and to raise instead subjective speculations: In the prior iterations these were speculations about a hypothetical future cancellation catastrophe point, should OA self-archiving grow; this time they are speculations about a hypothetical future change-of-mind by the green publishers, should self-archiving grow! I recommend a moratorium on paralytic speculation, and an acceleration on practical self-archiving in its place! http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/#31-worries > The fact that so much conflation takes place around the topic > of OA suggests that... the differences between OA > and OA publishing, and between the journal-affordability problem and the > access/impact problem, are (to some people) not seen to be significant > enough to keep making the distinction. No doubt! But to those people for whom OA itself is significant, this distinction is necessarily significant. To those for whom only journal affordability is significant, I respectfully suggest that both they and OA would be far better off if each hoed their row separately. The need of immediate relief for the journal budget problem will only get in the way of the need of immediate relief for the research impact problem, and vice versa. The same is true for those who wish to restructure journal publication: a worthwhile agenda, but not if it obscures or is at odds with the wish to maximize research access, now, by making articles OA, now, rather than by waiting for a possible restructuring of journal publication some day, some way. Let these rows too be hoed separately, rather than being conflated, obstructing one another. > If self-archiving is being overlooked, by the way, it is perhaps - as I > suggested previously - because although it has the merit of providing > a fast-track route to OA, it is not a long-term solution to anything > in itself, since it is parasitical on (today) TA publishers. (1) Self-archiving is most certainly not being overlooked by the many authors who are doing it: At least 3 times more authors (20%) are self-archiving their articles today than are publishing them in OA journals (5%); and self-archiving is growing faster too. What is being overlooked is the far greater *potential* of self-archiving to provide dramatically more immediate OA than it already provides so far: indeed, 83-100% of the entire target corpus! It is this profoundly underutilized power that is being overlooked -- by too many of those who purport to be OA proponents and activists! And this is happening at least in part directly because of the 2 conflations I mentioned. Maybe some of the ostensible OA proponents, once they deconflate, will realize that they are not OA activists at all, but simple activists for easing the library serials budget, or activists for restructuring the journal publishing system. That is all fine, but then that should be realized, and declared as such, so measures aimed primarily at easing serials budgets or restructuring journal publication don't keep getting represented as OA, obscuring other measures that really are OA, primarily or solely OA, already generating a great deal more OA than these other measures, and, most important, *capable* of generating 83-100% immediate OA. (2) You say self-archiving is "not a long-term solution to anything in itself," but you are just conflating again! Self-archiving is not a solution (short- or long-term) to the journal pricing problem, but it is not primarily intended to be. Nor is it a solution (short- or long-term) to the problem of restructuring journal publishing, or of converting journals from the TA to the OA cost-recovery model. It is merely a solution to the problem of providing immediate OA! Is self-archiving also a *long-term* solution for providing OA? Well, the articles self-archived in the Physics Arxiv in 1991 are still alive and well and OA today, thank you very much, and as heavily used as need dictates, a dozen years later! If the physicists had instead fretted needlessly about a "long-term solution" rather than immediately self-archiving at that time, they would have needlessly lost another dozen years' worth of usage and impact, as those who did not self-archive at that time have done. Yet it is precisely more of this pre-emptive waiting and worrying that Richard appears to be recommending to us (exhibiting at least 2 of the 31 familiar symptoms -- all treatable! -- of Zeno's Paralysis). http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/#17.Publishers http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/#31.Waiting *All* research article usage is "parasitical" on today's journal publishers (whether TA publishers or OA publishers). One of the uses to which authors put their articles in the online age is to make them accessible online to any would-be users whose institutions cannot afford the toll-access to the TA version. So far, that growing practise has co-existed with the TA publishing system without inducing any cancellation pressure, even in fields where it has reached 100%. If the TA journal publishing system should ever have to adapt to the growing OA provision in some way, it can and will. But there is no earthly reason for authors to go on needlessly sacrificing their potential impact waiting for some *pre-adaptive* change in publishing to occur first! > [Self-archiving] is > a street protest able to gain the attention of the powers-that-be - > and with luck encourage them to seek a solution to the problems of (a) > the journal-affordability problem and (b) the access/impact problem - > but it is not a government in waiting. Nothing of the sort (unless we consent to conflate)! Self-archiving is not a "protest" at all, nor a means to some other end! It provides an immediate, face-valid, long-term solution to the only problem that it was intended to solve: the stanching of all further needless impact loss, by providing Open Access to one's own research articles, thereby maximizing their accessibility, usage and impact -- both immediately and in the long-term. > The reasons for treating the journal-affordability problem and the > access/impact problem as though they were one problem are not without > merit [sic]. Merit! > Those TA publishers who have allowed self-archiving have taken > the dual gamble that (a) not enough researchers will self-archive to > make a difference (and that if they do the search tools for utilising > the self-archived material will not be competent enough to compete > with their own search tools) and (b) that they can continue to keep > selling their journals to libraries at the same level/maintain their > high profit margins. Not content with second-guessing the future course of publishing, Richard now second-guesses publishers' motives (and, below, their future actions). Why all this speculation? The only thing at issue (for the researcher) is daily/monthly/yearly research usage and impact that are being needlessly lost, and can be immediately remedied by self-archiving. Richard seems to suggest that researchers should just keep on losing that impact, because their lost impact is not the real problem: The real problem is the library's serials budget crisis and the need to restructure the journal publication system (and the author self-archiving is merely a "protest" against this state of affairs!). May I suggest a more benign interpretation of why 83% of journals have already given the green light to self-archiving? Because (i) they have recognized the undeniable benefits of OA for their authors and for research, (ii) they are not prepared to make the sacrifice and take the risk of converting to OA publishing, but (iii) they do not want to stand in the way -- or to be perceived as standing in the way -- of authors providing OA for their own articles if they wish, in order to derive those undeniable benefits for their own research, and for research progress as a whole. Some publishers may be very aggressive in the market place, in their pricing policy, but that is another matter, and another problem. And the two should not be conflated. A green light for OA self-archiving is a green light for OA, and should be appreciated as such -- and acted upon! It has nothing to do with whether or not the journal is over-priced. [Just as there were those who counselled paralysis because of what publishers might think or do if we self-archive -- ignoring a dozen years of peaceful precedent -- there are now those who counsel paralysis even when we have the publishers' green-light, because if we go ahead and act upon the green light, that will make the light turn red (or gray, rather)! If these are the "merits" of conflation, I'm for renouncing such merits, and conflation!] > Let's leave aside the most obvious interactive relationship between (a) > and (b) and assume that publishers' gamble over (a) is failing and, with > libraries cancelling journals in ever greater numbers, and bargaining > over the cost of electronic bundles in an ever more aggressive way, > that the gamble over (b) is failing too. Let us, in other words, assume that Richard's speculation comes true! Fine. I think it is completely irrelevant to what the research community should do now, but fine, it is one of the logical possibilities, so let us suppose it does gradually come to pass eventually, in the aftermath of 100% OA. So? > While self-archiving may be > driven by the access/impact problem and journal cancellations by the > journal-affordability problem, the response to the failure of their gamble > by TA publishers - regardless of whether it is a response related to (a), > or a response related to (b) - is likely to impact both the access/impact > problem (a) and the journal-affordability problem (b). This was a rather complicated mouthful, but I take it that Richard means that if approaching 100% OA from self-archiving results in increased cancellation pressure then it will result in increased cancellation pressure, and the journal publication system will have to adapt to it -- probably by cost-cutting and downsizing to the essentials; possibly eventually by recovering these costs by converting to the OA journal model. So these are some possibilities about the way the journal publishing system may or may not evolve in the OA era. But what is the implication of these possibilities for OA provision right now? > For instance, in response to the failure to continue selling journal > subscriptions at the same level publishers may harden their attitude > to self-archiving, on the grounds that journal cancellation is being > facilitated by self-archiving. This suggests that both problems are > sufficiently linked to treat them as one problem and that a common > solution is called for. So authors should not self-archive (or, equivalently, self-archiving fails to solve "the problem") because the green publishers might some day change their minds and go gray again? It is clear that people who think this way are not researchers: Don't bother immediately beginning to maximise your research impact, because one day publishers may decide to withdraw their green light? Has Richard ever contemplated the possibility that OA provision has absolutely *nothing to do with publishers*? that it is not a "protest," not a means, but an end in itself? and that the green light is merely one of the ways to energize those researchers who did not have the good sense to just get on with self-archiving, as hundreds of thousands of researchers have been doing ever since 1991, without giving publisher self-archiving policy -- or the future adaptive course of publishing in the online era -- a thought, one way or the other? The conflation of the journal pricing problem with the access/impact problem, and the preference for speculating and second-guessing over doing the optimal and the obvious, at once, leads some to see non-solutions where others see immediate, dramatic, revolutionary and irreversible research progress: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/impact.html Can we agree that Richard, and anyone who is of a like mind, should go ahead and keep seeking common solutions for the unitary problem they have in mind (whatever it is), while in the meanwhile we researchers go ahead and solve our own (separate) problem, which is to maximise the impact of our own articles by providing OA to them for all those would-be users whose institutions cannot afford the access-tolls for the journal in which they appear -- by self-archiving them? And I won't say that your solution to your problem (whatever it is) is not really a solution, because it is not a solution to *my* problem (which is to make my articles accessible to all would-be users immediately), if you do the same for me. In other words, let us agree not to conflate one another's problems, or their respective solutions! >sh> I am a hard-pressed librarian. Every year, I can afford fewer and fewer >sh> journals because of their price-rises. So I have to decide what to cancel. >sh> Normally, I consult my user logs and users, about which journals they use >sh> and need most, and I cancel according to a multiple constraint >sh> satisfaction analysis of the costs/benefits (including journal impact >sh> factors). > >sh> I also have a table of the "green" journals -- the 83% that have given >sh> their green light to self-archiving. >sh> So consider the following scenarios... > > But if the number of journals libraries can afford to subscribe to is > falling, and libraries are more and more resisting price increases to > electronic access (i.e. the journal-affordability problem) TA publishers > are likely to conclude that they can no longer achieve the level of > profits their shareholders demand. Regardless of what individual journal > cancellation decisions libraries take, therefore, the overall market for > TA publishers (given that TA publishers generally own very large bundles > of journals, not a handful) is becoming less and less attractive. If this > leads them to exit the market there will be inevitable repercussions for > the access/impact problem. Apart from anything else it could lead to a > sudden closure of some of the journals that researchers need in order > to make their impact. Again, the journal-affordability problem and the > access/impact problem are intertwined. We are back to the catastrophe hypothesis: What exactly is Richard recommending? That researchers refrain from maximizing their impact now, even though it is feasible (and even though it even has the green light from 83% of journals) because of the speculation that it *might* some day lead to a catastrophe? For all I am trying to do is to get all researchers to self-archive, so we can have OA, at last. If this open, green road is sacrificed in favor of waiting for some other catastrophe-proof road (which? how long?), it sounds very much as if researchers are being invited to forego their impact on the strength of a gloomy and irrelevant hunch... "Sudden closure" of journals? What do you imagine journals are? They are titles, consisting of names, editorial boards and authorships. If a publisher cannot or no longer wishes to produce a still-viable title, the title (and editorial board and authorships) migrate to another publisher. As I said in my prior reply, there would be plenty of lean and hungry publishers (OA and TA) ready to take over viable titles if their publisher discards them, for whatever reason. (Besides, cancellations rose with prices; OA had nothing to do with it, and has not remedied, slowed, or accelerated it.) >sh> MPs may be professional puzzlers, but it is the research community that >sh> can and must act. I had hoped that parliament, as the purveyor of the >sh> research purse-strings, might help persuade researchers to provide OA. > > Would it be correct to say that you believe the only role for government > here is to insist that the output from publicly funded research should be > OA? (A suggestion, by the way, made by both Harold Varmus and Fred Friend to > the UK Select Committee - and so perhaps a proposal that all OA advocates > could agree on?). Yes: http://www.eprints.org/signup/sign.php http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/ukparl.doc Stevan Harnad
