---------------------------------------------------------- What's On In Goa: * Oct 16-17: Ornithology workshop, Bondla southernbirdwing.com * Oct 16-27: Vipasana meditation, Alto Porvorim * Oct 24: Antonio Pereira Puraskar (Award) ceremony, Porvorim ----------------------------------------------------------
Title: Lessons from Goa, Kerala and Tamil Nadu: the three successful fertility transition states in India. Author: Srinivasan K Source: DEMOGRAPHY INDIA. 1995 Jul-Dec;24(2):163-94. Year: 1995 Language: English Abstract: This article presents three case studies of successful fertility transitions in the Indian states of Goa, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The author provides a concise description of literacy, gross domestic product, marriage patterns, and fertility and mortality trends for each state. Goa is distinguished by its Portuguese colonial heritage, its very small size, its higher standard of living before India's independence, and the onset of fertility decline before the introduction of organized official family planning in 1961. The sociocultural context among this large Catholic population was mostly responsible for the rapid diffusion of the small family norm, increased contraceptive use, and sustained fertility decline after 1968-69. Female literacy was higher than the national average. Female age at marriage in 1981 was the highest (22.8 years) in the nation. Even illiterate women delayed marriage until 18.3 years, on the average, in 1985. The crude birth rate declined from 32.0 in 1961 to 14.7 in 1993. The crude death rate declined from 13.4 to 6.7 during the same period. Natural family planning methods were widespread. The total fertility rate was 1.90 in 1990-92. The case study of Kerala is unusual in that the annual rate of population growth up until 1971 was higher than in all other states, but the death rate during 1931-40 was lower compared to the nation. Fertility decline began after 1968. Fertility decline is attributed to a more accessible and a higher-quality family planning program, properly sequenced policy initiatives, and improved health and education. In Tamil Nadu, population growth rates had been lower than the nation's since 1921. Fertility decline was rapid after 1970 and is attributed to social and political will, bureaucratic efficiency, and effective communication strategies. The lessons gained from these case studies is that socioeconomic factors are not the key determinants of fertility decline and that a balanced bottom-up and top-down approach works best. Keywords: India; Case Studies; Recommendations; Multiregional Analysis; Fertility Decline [Determinants]; Contraceptive Usage; Family Planning Programs; Political Factors; Southern Asia; Asia; Developing Countries; Studies; Research Methodology; Fertility; Population Dynamics; Demographic Factors; Population; Contraception; Family Planning Document Number: PIP 117101 ======================================================================== To view GoaNet's archives http://groups.yahoo.com/group/goa-net ======================================================================== For (un)subscribing or for help, contact: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Don't want so many e-mails? Join GoaNet-Digest instead!
