From: "Tensing Rodrigues The Antiquity of Kōnkaṇa If Coniaci is a reference to Kōnkaṇa, then Strabo’s Geographica (1st century BC) would be the first historical text tomention Kōnkaṇa. (Hamilton,1892 : The Geography of Strabo) Thenext could possibly be that of Pliny (1st century CE). Plinydescribes India in Chapter 23 of his encyclopedia titled Naturalis Historia (Bostock & Riley, 1755 : The Natural History of Pliny) : “After these we come to the nation of thePandæ, the only one throughout all India which is ruled by women. … After passing through this list of threehundred towns, we come to the Darangæ, the Posingæ, the Butæ, the Gogaræ, theUmbræ, the Nereæ, the Brancosi, the Nobundæ, the Cocondæ, the Nesei, the Palatitæ, the Salobriasæ, and the Orostræ, … .” Could Cocondæ be a reference to Kōnkaṇa ? Prima facie it does not seemto fit the geographical position of Kōnkaṇa.Before coming to the ‘nation of Pandæ’,Pliny describes the Nareæ. JeanHardouin who edited Pliny’s NaturalHistory in late 17th century identifies Nareæ as probably the people occupying the southern part of thepeninsula or the Deccan, with the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. After several more ‘nations’, Pliny comes to thePandæ, whom Hardouin identifies asthe people inhabiting the Peninsula of Gujarat. From here Pliny passes to RiverIndus. Pliny’s Cocondæ, thereforeappears to lie somewhere between Gujarat and Sind. The location of Cocondæ according to Pliny would fit Kōnkaṇa only if his Pandæ refers to the Pandyan Kingdom (with Madurai as its capital)that covered parts of South India between 600 BCE and 13th century CE. Thenorthern tip of the Pandyan kingdom is believed to have touched Mangaluru. ThenPliny’s sequence of places - Pandæ => Cocondæ- seems appropriate. Probablyfurther confirmation comes from some of the explanations of the etymology of Kumari Kandam or Kumarinaḍu, the mythical lost continent with an ancient Tamilcivilization, located in the Indian Ocean, to the south of current Indianpeninsula. M. Arunachalam (1944) claims that Kumari Kandam was ruled by female rulers (kumaris); therefore the name. That matches Pliny’s assertion : “the nation of the Pandæ, the only onethroughout all India which is ruled by women”. Then Pliny’s Pandæ could indeed refer to the people of the Pandyan Kingdom, and Cocondæ to Kōnkaṇa.Adhyaya 58of Mārkandeya Purana (3rdcentury CE) (Dutt, 1896 : A Prose EnglishTranslation of Markandeya Puranam) which locates different ‘countries’ ofBhārata in nine divisions, mentions Kōnkaṇain the company of the Abhiras, the Maharattas, the Karnatas, the Chitrakuta mountain, the Cholas, Kanchi and Tilanga and Tamraparni. A Chalukyastone-tablet of 6th century CE on the wall of Meguti Temple atAihole refers to Purī the capital ofthe Kōnkaṇa. The tablet records theerection of a stone temple dedicated to Jinendra during the reign of PulakesiII. The tablet reads : “In the countriesof the Kōnkaṇa, the watery stores of the pools, which were the Mauryas, werequickly ejected by the great wave which was Chandadanda, who acted at hiscommand.” (कोंकणेषु यदादिष्ट चण्डदण्डाम्बु वीचिभि उदस्तास्तर्सा मौर्यपल्वलान्बुसम्रुध्दय)(Indian Antiquary, Vol.5, 1876)The nextreference to Kōnkaṇa is probably inshloka 12 of Varahamihira’s (6th century CE) Bṛihat Samhita (Sastri & Bhat, 1946 : Varahamihira’s Brihat Samhita) which divides ‘earth’ into nineregions. Adhyaya 14, Shlokas 11 to 16 of BṛihatSamhita describe the South : “In the south are situated Lanka, … the Malaya, … Vanavasi, … Konkana, Abheeras,Kerala, Karnatic, … the Cholas, theKaveri, ...Dharmapattana, … Dandaka forest, … Tamraparni river.” The names ofpeoples, places, rivers and mountains mentioned in the passage help us locateVarahamihira’s Kōnkaṇa. Malaya refers to Anaimalai and NilgiriMountains or the Malabar region as a whole. Banavasiis in Sirsi taluka of present Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, 24 km fromSirsi town. Venna River rises inMahabaleshwar, in Satara district of western Maharashtra and is a tributary of theKrishna River; there is a reference to KrishnaVelluru too. The Dandaka forest refersto the region to the south of the Vindhyas. Dharmapattanawas a place between Kozhikode and Kannur on the Malabar Coast. That givesus a fairly good picture of where Varahamihira’s Kōnkaṇa lay, within the overall map of India. Among theinscriptions in the caves at Kānhērīnear Bombay, there is one dated 9th century CE recording certaingrants for the repairs of the vihara there, the clothing of the monks and thepurchase of their religious books. The inscription refers to the reign of theillustrious Pullaśakti, who meditated on the feet of the illustrious Kapardin, thelord of “Kōnkana headed by Purī ”(पुरी प्रभुति कोंकण विषय) (Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. VI,1977). We still do not know which place the word Purī refers to; but the reference to Kōnkana is clear. https://www.academia.edu/24433204/The_Antiquity_of_K%C5%8Dnka%E1%B9%87a __._,_.___ Posted by: Tensing Rodrigues <ten...@gmail.com> | Reply via web post | • | Reply to sender | • | Reply to group | • | Start a New Topic | • | Messages in this topic (1) | �esearch�is not bias-free, but we can try to make it emotion-free! 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