Period 1200 - 1300 CE
Pope Innocent III was crowned in Jan 1198 with the words:
"Thou art Father of Princes, Ruler of the world, Vicar of Jesus
Christ..."
He garments he wore shone with gold and jewels, and he rode on a
scarlet-clad horse; his foot was kissed by Prelates and Princes alike.
Within two years, he and not the Emperor was virtual Ruler of Rome and
Italy.
The Fourth Crusade was launched in 1201 and three years later, the
Eastern Capital, Constantinople, was sacked, the cathedral desecrated,
relics stolen and women, including nuns, raped. The Crusader chronicles
openly refer to the cannibalism practised by the Frankish knights.Kiing
John of England began taxing the clergy to help fund his wars and
refused to recognise the Pope who in turn excommunicated John and placed
all of England under an interdict. King John then confiscated church
property, banned church services and closed 8000 churches. The Pope then
asked King Philip of France to invade England. John then gave in and
promised to pay 1000 marks as annual rent to the Pope in addition to
Peter's pence.
Having dealt with King John, the Pope authorised a special crusade
against the Albigensians, a group considered heretical.. The pope
offered a special indulgence for 40-day service. As a result, a vast mob
of knights, clergy, peasants etc joined in. The crusaders marched to
Bezier, looting and killing on the way. The people locked themselves
into the two main churches. While requiem Mass was being chanted, the
doors were being hammered down by axes and soon gave way. None were
spared including babies. The last to go were the two celebrants, holding
a crucifix and chalice. The invaders then set fire to the town and
Bezier was turned to a heap of ashes.
Heretics were captured in the hundreds, their eyes gouged out, noses
lopped off and most were burnt on mass pyres. Meanwhile John of England
was forced to sign the Magna Carta . But Pope Innocent annulled the
Charter "from the unlimited power given to me by God".
The Pope passed more laws than the preceding 50 popes. A successor, Pope
Gregory IX (1227-41) set up the Inquisition to apprehend and punish
heretics. In 1239, Bishop Moranis of Champagne was accused to allowing
heretics in his diocese. He and 180 alleged heretics were burnt at the
stake.
Pope Innocent IV allowed the Inquisition to use torture and decreed that
disobedience even in thought was punishable. Entire families were
tortured when a member informed on them. Sentences were also passed on
the dead and their property confiscated.
----------------------------------
Eddie Ray
------ Original Message ------
From: "The Catholic Thing" <thecatholicth...@frinstitute.org>
To: gdig...@btinternet.com
Sent: Thursday, 24 Nov, 22 At 11:00
Subject: The Virtue of Gratitude
Romano Guardini: Who knows – if we may speak in this
way – what God feels when we not merely perform our duty toward Him, but
give Him love.
<https://thecatholicthing.us9.list-manage.com/track/click?u=86ba873afbb58919227050b08&id=59310c43a1&e=efe0633c61>
All of us at The Catholic Thing wish all of you and your families a
Blessed Thanksgiving.
The Virtue of Gratitude
Romano Guardini: Who knows – if we may speak in this way – what God
feels when we not merely perform our duty toward Him, but give Him love.
Let us attempt to obtain a view of this gradually disappearing virtue
– gratitude. Let us ask what is necessary so that gratitude may become
possible.
Above all there is this: We can be grateful only to a
person. Gratitude and petition are possible only between an “I” and a
“Thou.” We cannot thank a law, a board, or a company. We may do so out
of mere politeness when the proper sum is handed to us, in order to keep
everything in the domain of good manners, but real gratitude does not
enter into the matter, for gratitude is the expression of a personal
encounter in human need.
But two persons, one of whom is situated so that he has
something or can do something, while the other has not or cannot – these
stand face to face. The one asks and the other is ready; the one gives
and the other thanks; and the two are united by a human tie. Here
gratitude is possible, and it becomes a basis for community.
Furthermore, gratitude is possible only in the realm of
freedom. For the fact that the sun rises in the morning or, to express
it scientifically, that the earth comes into such a position in relation
to the sun that it becomes visible: for this I am not grateful. It is
certainly true that on a bright morning very lively sentiments of
gratitude may arise because something so powerful and beautiful is
taking place. But these are the responses of man to Him who has created
all, or else they are the after-effects of a time in which the sun
itself was revered as a divinity. . . . .
Click here to read the rest of Servant of God Guardini’s message . . .
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