[This first article below from the Moscow Times is visibly at pains to
rationalise the considerable gulf between Putin's rhetoric, stoking
Great-Russian nationalism and thereby heightened anticipations, and lack of
actual actions, not even remotely matching with the macho gesticulations of
the early days, on the ground in respect of the continuing turmoil in east
and south Ukraine and the military actions by Kiev to tame it.
Evidently, it cannot just be airily dismissed as routine "Western"
propaganda.

The second article brings out the highly volatile nature of the situation
obtaining, and the conflicting pulls and pressures in play.]

I/II.
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/putins-saber-rattling-goes-quiet-on-ukraine/501846.html

Putin's Saber-Rattling Goes Quiet on Ukraine

   - By Georgy Bovt
   <http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/authors/176207.html>
   - Jun. 10 2014 21:49
   - Last edited 21:4


Ultra-patriotic Russian politicians are already asking: "Hasn't Moscow
betrayed the militias of Donetsk, Slovyansk and Luhansk?" Indeed, many
people are confused by the contrast between Russia's actions in Crimea
and its almost total inaction -- at least on an official level -- in eastern
and southern Ukraine.

The entire Crimean operation concluded without gunshots or bloodshed. But
in the east and south of Ukraine, rivers of blood are flowing, civilians
are dying, chilling footage of the carnage circulates on social networks
and, unfortunately, residential areas have come under shellfire. The first
refugees from the war zone have already crossed into Russia.

Putin has dropped the ultra-patriotic hyperbole that justified Crimea's
annexation when speaking about eastern Ukraine, but Russian are unlikely
to call him on his inconsistency, writes columnist Georgy Bovt.

What is a patriot to think when, after watching Donetsk separatist leader
Igor Strelkov and his compatriots hold the superior forces of the so-called
"Kiev junta" at bay, he sees Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands
with French President Francois Hollande, German Chancellor Angela Merkel
and even that "agent of the U.S. State Department," Ukrainian President
Petro Poroshenko? How is that possible? Why isn't Putin sending in troops
to defend our Russian brothers? Could Putin really fear Western sanctions?

Let's try to understand the situation without hysterics.

First, although Putin made the decision not to send troops into Ukraine
some time ago, he may still have seriously considered that option. What's
more, he might yet give that order -- and not only because some members
of other ruling elite favor it, but also because the situation in Ukraine
might yet produce more surprises. There is no advantage to sending in the
army now. Better to wait.

My guess is that Moscow leaders are coldly calculating the equation
in Ukraine's east and south. For now, the separatists' weak political
organization and low level of popular support, in combination with
the tenacious Ukrainian army, may hold off direct Russian intervention.

Despite gaining reinforcements and weapons from "out of nowhere,"
the separatists have only limited fighting capabilities. They are only able
to withstand the Ukrainian army through guerilla warfare. But that is their
role. Both the self-proclaimed People's Republic of Donetsk, or DNR,
and the People's Republic of Luhansk, or LNR, never managed to create
a full-fledged and official governing structure paralleling the one that
already exists and that is capable of attracting at least some members
of Russia's bureaucratic elite -- and, even more importantly, siloviki --
over to their side.

 The pro-Russian militias have no control over large parts of the Donetsk
and Luhansk regions. Although the local security forces can be induced
to disarm through violence, on the whole they do not want to join the ranks
of the armed DNR and LNR defenders.

In fact, most of the local population does not support the DNR and LNR
leaders. The mood on the street is by no means like that in Crimea,
and Moscow was apparently unimpressed by the results of the hastily
arranged referendums staged in the two regions.

At the same time, it would have been impossible to provoke an uprising
"from scratch" in Ukraine's south and east: Putin's desire to see it happen
was not enough to make it a reality.

Many eastern Ukrainians truly distrust Kiev's intentions, and to claim
otherwise is the same as arguing that Maidan protests were purely
the result of a U.S. State Department conspiracy and not a spontaneous
uprising by the people.

Russian leaders are also likely to be discouraged from direct intervention
by the strength the Ukrainian army has shown in fighting the separatists.
If Russian troops enter Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian forces will find
even greater strength to resist. If Russia wants to conduct successful
"peacekeeping" operations in Ukraine, it would have to deploy at least
100,000 troops to that front --approximately the same number that fought
in Afghanistan. And they should prepare for the distinct possibility that
their trek across the Ukrainian steppe would be no easy stroll.

The Kremlin no doubt wants the militias in Ukraine's south and east to hold
out as long as possible in order to strengthen Moscow's negotiating
position and coerce Washington, and especially Kiev, to agree to compromise.

At the very least, Moscow wants to ensure that Ukraine has non-aligned
status and that the eastern and southern regions receive sufficiently broad
autonomy to establish their own economic ties with Russia.

In any other country, however, this unprincipled political scheming would
be a leader's downfall. A leader who climbed to the pinnacle of popularity
with a stunt like annexing Crimea and then suddenly abandoned
ultra-patriotic hyperbole would face the danger of being overthrown by the
very "ultra-patriots" whose cause he had recently championed.

According to their logic, it is nothing short of criminal to not intervene
in eastern Ukraine. They expect Putin to press his case to its logical
conclusion, even if it ends in nuclear war. This is no joke -- I am certain
that Russia's ruling elite includes advocates of such a policy. This is
because the "loss" of Ukraine is an existential threat to Russia and the
Kremlin will brook no alternatives or compromises in this regard.

The Russian political system is unique in that Putin's "Teflon effect"
continues to work even now. Despite his contradictory tactics, Russia's
ultra-patriots will not rise up en masse to protest. No organized force or
widespread desire exists to excite the Russian people to greater political
activity.

The political elite, meanwhile, continue to proffer their complete, if
often insincere loyalty to Putin. Not one of them has the slightest wish
to perform an act of political self-immolation in the name of "principle" --
even if they feel horrified by current events and the prospect of Russia's
complete isolation. The same is true of the army and intelligence agencies.

In fact, the current conflict could end with the help of a non-militaristic
resolution that also satisfies the expectations of patriots. That is
a humanitarian solution. Moscow could help the Russian-speaking people
of Ukraine not by sending in tanks, but by offering them refuge in Russia.

The government could collect assistance from ordinary citizens and, if
necessary, grant the refugees citizenship and substantial -- not symbolic --
assistance to start new lives. But instead the ruling regime continues
beaming its televised lessons of hate aimed at its neighboring "brotherly"
state.

Georgy Bovt is a political analyst.

II.

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/europe/ukraine-opens-corridors-for-civilians-to-flee-violence-in-the-east.html?_r=0
Despite Clash in Ukraine, Cease-Fire Talks Advance
By ANDREW E. KRAMER
<http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/andrew_kramer/index.html>
 and DAVID M. HERSZENHORN
<http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/david_m_herszenhorn/index.html>JUNE
10, 2014

DONETSK, Ukraine -- The foreign ministers of Russia, Poland and Germany on
Tuesday signaled progress toward a cease-fire in Ukraine, even as up to 40
separatists were reported to have been killed in a fierce battle for
control of an airport in the east of the country.

Talks aimed at a diplomatic resolution to the unrest have achieved some
progress in recent days, the ministers said, but no firm agreement. Past
efforts to broker a truce, including one by European and American
officials, failed because separatists insisted that Russia did not speak
for them at the talks.

Exactly who does speak for them is unclear. On Tuesday, the militant wing
of a rebel group in Slovyansk, an epicenter of the violence, said it had
arrested the "people's mayor" of the city, Vyacheslav Ponomarev, who had
been the public face of the pro-Russian uprising there, a Russian
television channel, LifeNews, reported.

Authority had already been shifting to a Russian national, a militant who
goes by the nickname Strelok, or "The Shooter." It was unclear whether the
shift was related to the cease-fire talks.

A pro-Russian fighter guarding a checkpoint in Donetsk, eastern Ukraine, on
Tuesday.CreditEvgeniy Maloletka/Associated Press

Speaking after the negotiations, held in St. Petersburg, Foreign Minister
Sergey V. Lavrov of Russia said he was confident that after the latest
round of talks, any decision by the Ukrainian government to halt its
military activities in the east would be met with a similar cease-fire by
the rebels. Mr. Lavrov also welcomed a proposal by Ukraine's president,
Petro O. Poroshenko, to open a humanitarian corridor for civilians to leave
conflict areas.

"The key to a de-escalation of the situation, of course, in our belief, is
the cessation of this military operation against the protesters," Mr.
Lavrov said. "Namely then, the people that you call separatists, I am sure
will answer reciprocally."

The Russian government has claimed to have no formal role in the
insurrection, and no control over the fighters. Yet a number of senior
rebel leaders have openly identified themselves as Russian citizens, and at
least 31 rebels recently killed in fighting with the Ukrainian forces were
found to be Russian nationals.

Mr. Lavrov met with the Polish foreign minister, Radoslaw Sikorski, and the
German foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier.

Mr. Sikorski said he reassured Russia over its concern that Ukraine, once
consolidated under a pro-Western government, intended to join the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization. Mr. Sikorski said the NATO question was not
on the agenda on Tuesday, though he offered no other guarantees.

Mr. Steinmeier said that the talks had achieved "momentum," and that "after
many months of conflict in Ukraine, we can see a faint light at the end of
the tunnel," the German news media reported, citing the Foreign Ministry.

Despite the peace overtures, fighting continued in eastern Ukraine.
Overnight on Tuesday, a Ukrainian military spokesman said its forces had
repelled a separatist attack on an airport outside Kramatorsk, to the south
of Slovyansk, and killed an estimated 40 separatist fighters. The report
could not be confirmed. Phone calls to a rebel spokeswoman in the area went
unanswered.

In separate incidents, the Ukrainian military said that two soldiers had
been wounded by gunfire and rocket-propelled grenades in fighting near
Slovyansk, and that rebels in eight trucks mounted with machine guns had
attacked an airport near Luhansk, but failed to seize it.

It was unclear how long the Ukrainian military and other agencies would
need to set up the escape corridor for civilians that Mr. Poroshenko
announced on Tuesday. There were also questions about whether the
separatists, whose rationale for fighting is that they are protecting
residents from a "fascist" government in Kiev, would cooperate in a
humanitarian effort by the government.

Mr. Poroshenko's instructions to create a corridor for people displaced
from the east came after he met on Tuesday with the leaders of the
country's security and military services.

Mr. Poroshenko, who was sworn in as president on Saturday
<http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/world/europe/poroshenko-sworn-in-as-president-of-strife-torn-ukraine.html>,
used his inauguration speech in part to offer safe passage to Russian
fighters wishing to return home and amnesty for rebels who put down their
weapons. But he has said he will not negotiate with armed insurgents.

Andrew E. Kramer reported from Donetsk, and David M. Herszenhorn from
Moscow.










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Peace Is Doable

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