http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/01/syria-msf-hospital-homs-barrel-bombing

Syria
MSF hospital in Syria hit by 'double-tap' barrel bombing

Seven killed in Homs attack, latest in apparent escalation of strikes
on medical facilities in civil war

Syrian government forces patrol in Homs. MSF said the deaths from the
hospital bombing included a young girl. Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

Kareem Shaheen in Beirut
Tuesday 1 December 2015 16.37 GMT

A hospital supported by Médecins Sans Frontières in Homs has been
partially destroyed in a “double-tap” barrel bombing, a signature
tactic of the Syrian air force.

The strikes on the hospital in Zafarana, a besieged town in northern
Homs, killed seven people including a young girl, MSF said in a
statement, and prompted the movement to nearby field hospitals of many
wounded, some of whom died on the way.

Saturday’s strikes were the latest in an apparent pattern of
escalating attacks on medical facilities and doctors in the Syrian
civil war, according to human rights organisations.


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***MSF, which operates and supports a number of health centres and
field hospitals in Syria, said the attack bore the hallmark of a
double-tap strike, whereby the first bombing is followed by a second
one after paramedics have arrived to help the victims. “This
double-tap tactic shows a level of calculated destruction that can
scarcely be imagined,” said MSF’s director of operations, Brice de le
Vingne.*** [Emphasis added.]

MSF said a barrel bomb was dropped from a helicopter on a populated
area of Zafarana at 9.40 am on Saturday, followed nearly an hour later
by two barrel bombs at the entrance of the hospital, wounding 47
patients and medical staff in total.

The attack is the third on an MSF facility in two months. In October,
an MSF hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, was all but destroyed by US
airstrikes, killing 30 people including 13 medical staff in what the
organisation called a blatant breach of international law. Later that
month, an MSF-run hospital in the northern Yemeni province of Sa’ada
was destroyed in a missile strike.

Medical staff and facilities are coming under increasing attack in
Syria as the civil war nears the five-year mark. Physicians for Human
Rights, a New York-based organisation, said it documented 16 attacks
on medical facilities in Syria in October, making it the deadliest
month on record for medical staff. Ten of the attacks were carried out
by Russian warplanes, and five were conducted by either the Syrian or
Russian air forces, the organisation alleged.

***Moscow has conducted several airstrikes in Syria since it launched
a military intervention in early October aimed at shoring up the
regime of President Bashar al-Assad, which had endured a series of
military setbacks after a manpower shortage debilitated its army. Many
towns in northern Homs are held by rebels who oppose the Assad regime
[and fight the ISIS] and have been repeatedly bombed by both Damascus
and Moscow.*** [Emphasis added.]

A barrel bomb is an improvised explosive device packed with TNT and
other material and dropped manually from planes and helicopters. Its
inaccuracy has led some observers to conclude that its use is a de
facto war crime.

***A report released in May by Amnesty International on the use of
barrel bombs in Aleppo concluded that they had killed 3,000 civilians
and 35 fighters between January 2014 and March 2015. The weapons had
killed more than 12,000 people throughout the country from their
deployment in 2012 until the date of the report’s release.***
[Emphasis added.]

The report outlined the use of double-tap strikes in Aleppo, and
activists and local journalists have documented similar attacks on
medical facilities, markets and mosques.

“MSF once again reiterates its call that all efforts should be taken
by all parties to the Syrian war to avoid civilians and civilian
infrastructure, including hospitals and ambulances,” the organisation
said. “The multiplication of these atrocious attacks, with
overwhelmingly high numbers of civilians, including women, children
and medical staff, wounded or killed, must cease.”



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