This patch fixes GitHub Issue #988. Commit 
ce9e7b25217c46db1ac636b2c885a05bf91ae57e
was not sufficient, because it fell back to a hash comparison if the bitmap
of known encodings was not acceptable instead of directly returning the the
cached response is not compatible.

This patch also extends the reg-test to test the hash collision that was
mentioned in #988.

Vary handling is 2.4, no backport needed.
---
 reg-tests/cache/vary_accept_encoding.vtc | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/cache.c                              | 29 +++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/reg-tests/cache/vary_accept_encoding.vtc 
b/reg-tests/cache/vary_accept_encoding.vtc
index afd2cfbd5..59e819a75 100644
--- a/reg-tests/cache/vary_accept_encoding.vtc
+++ b/reg-tests/cache/vary_accept_encoding.vtc
@@ -73,6 +73,21 @@ server s1 {
                -hdr "Cache-Control: max-age=5" \
                -hdr "Content-Encoding: unknown_encoding" \
                -bodylen 119
+
+
+       rxreq
+       expect req.url == "/hash-collision"
+       txresp -hdr "Vary: accept-encoding" \
+               -hdr "Cache-Control: max-age=5" \
+               -hdr "Content-Encoding: br" \
+               -bodylen 129
+
+       rxreq
+       expect req.url == "/hash-collision"
+       txresp -hdr "Vary: accept-encoding" \
+               -hdr "Cache-Control: max-age=5" \
+               -hdr "Content-Encoding: gzip" \
+               -bodylen 139
 } -start
 
 
@@ -300,4 +315,21 @@ client c1 -connect ${h1_fe_sock} {
        expect resp.bodylen == 119
        expect resp.http.X-Cache-Hit == 0
 
+       #
+       # Hash collision (https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/issues/988)
+       #
+       # crc32(gzip) ^ crc32(br) ^ crc32(xxx) ^ crc32(jdcqiab) == crc32(gzip)
+       txreq -url "/hash-collision" -hdr "Accept-Encoding: br,gzip,xxx,jdcqiab"
+       rxresp
+       expect resp.status == 200
+       expect resp.http.content-encoding == "br"
+       expect resp.bodylen == 129
+       expect resp.http.X-Cache-Hit == 0
+
+       txreq -url "/hash-collision" -hdr "Accept-Encoding: gzip"
+       rxresp
+       expect resp.status == 200
+       expect resp.http.content-encoding == "gzip"
+       expect resp.bodylen == 139
+       expect resp.http.X-Cache-Hit == 0
 } -run
diff --git a/src/cache.c b/src/cache.c
index c740818e9..23883df96 100644
--- a/src/cache.c
+++ b/src/cache.c
@@ -2398,19 +2398,28 @@ static int accept_encoding_hash_cmp(const void 
*ref_hash, const void *new_hash,
                /* All the bits set in the reference bitmap correspond to the
                 * stored response' encoding and should all be set in the new
                 * encoding bitmap in order for the client to be able to manage
-                * the response. */
-               if ((ref.encoding_bitmap & new.encoding_bitmap) == 
ref.encoding_bitmap) {
-                       /* The cached response has encodings that are accepted
-                        * by the client, it can be served directly by the cache
-                        * (as far as the accept-encoding part is concerned). */
-                       return 0;
-               }
+                * the response.
+                *
+                * If this is the case the cached response has encodings that
+                * are accepted by the client. It can be served directly by
+                * the cache (as far as the accept-encoding part is concerned).
+                */
+
+               return (ref.encoding_bitmap & new.encoding_bitmap) != 
ref.encoding_bitmap;
        }
+       else {
+               /* We must compare hashes only when the the response contains
+                * unknown encodings.
+                * Otherwise we might serve unacceptable responses if the hash
+                * of a client's `accept-encoding` header collides with a
+                * known encoding.
+                */
 
-       ref.hash = read_u32(ref_hash+sizeof(ref.encoding_bitmap));
-       new.hash = read_u32(new_hash+sizeof(new.encoding_bitmap));
+               ref.hash = read_u32(ref_hash+sizeof(ref.encoding_bitmap));
+               new.hash = read_u32(new_hash+sizeof(new.encoding_bitmap));
 
-       return ref.hash != new.hash;
+               return ref.hash != new.hash;
+       }
 }
 
 
-- 
2.29.0


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