Tomas, What I would like to know is: Nothing physical is infinite. How long can a class M star, such as our sun, blow pieces of itself out before it collapses? Nothing replaces what is lost. Matter is converted to energy, but that energy does not remain with the star. It is radiated in various ways and forever lost to the star. Granted the sun is much larger than the Earth, but when you blow pices out three times the size of the Earth, and other smaller pieces, over a few billion years, it seems to me that the sun is going to run out in a lot less time than another four billion years as some predict. Which raises the question: does anyone 'really' know how large the physical core of our sun is and how much actual matter is lost in these solar flares? Duane W8DBF
---------- From: NW7US <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: SWARL <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; SWBC <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; SWL <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; SWL and Ham DX Club <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; SW - TheBasicsOfShortwave <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Cc: CQ_Contesting <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; Hard-Core-DX <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: [SWL] NW7US Propagation Bulletin - 2-XI-2003 Date: Sunday, November 02, 2003 6:57 PM At 1725Z 2-XI-2003 an X8.3 flare occurred. A strong radio blackout occurred. The flare was from region 486, and a proton event commenced by 1800Z. All high- energy fluxes exceeded the threshold used to determine a proton event. A polar cap absorption event (PCA) is in progress. A type II radio burst was observed, indicating a coronal mass ejection (CME) was related to this flare. A partial halo (meaning that it is not squarly directed at Earth) CME was visible at 1730Z. This CME will only glance us, but to what degree is in question. Forecasts call for about a Kp level of 5 when it arrives. The CME will glance us sometime late on 3-XI-2003 to early 5-XI-2003. Currently, our elevated Kp index is due to a small equatorial coronal hole. Flux is still high enough to support some F-layer propagation on low VHF and the high HF frequenies. The low bands will suffer somewhat due to the elevated geomagnetic activity. Region 486 and 488 are rotating around the western limb of the sun by 5-XI-2003, and things should quiet down somewhat. Until then, some additional flare activity is possible. The coronal hole activity, however, will continue. 73 de Tomas, NW7US (AAR0JA/AAM0EWA) -- : Propagation Editor, CQ/CQ VHF/Popular Communications Magazines : : http://hfradio.org/ -- http://prop.hfradio.org/ -- Brinnon, WA : : 122.93W 47.67N - CW / SSB / DIGITAL / DX-Hunting / Propagation : : A creator of solutions -- http://accessnow.com/ -- Perl Rules! : : Washington State MARS Emergency Operations Officer - (AAM0EWA) : : WA State Army MARS Webmaster for http://wa.mars.hfradio.org/ : : 10x56526, FISTS 7055, FISTS NW 57, A.R. Lighthouse Society 144 : _______________________________________________ List Administrator: Duane Fischer, W8DBF (WPE8CXO) **For Assistance: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** HCI Web Site For SWL Information - http://www.w9wze.org/SWL http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/swl Help: http://mailman.qth.net/faq.htm ---[Start Commercial]--------------------- World Radio TV Handbook 2004 is coming out! Preorder yours now! Only $20.97 through us. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0823059685/hardcoredxcom ---[End Commercial]----------------------- ________________________________________ Hard-Core-DX mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://dallas.hard-core-dx.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx http://www.hard-core-dx.com/ _______________________________________________ THE INFORMATION IN THIS ARTICLE IS FREE. It may be copied, distributed and/or modified under the conditions set down in the Design Science License published by Michael Stutz at http://dsl.org/copyleft/dsl.txt