Andrea Rossato wrote:
this is what I'm trying to do, sort of: turn the code at the button
into the do-notation.[1]
module StateOutputMonad where
-- do notation only works with instances of Monad
import Control.Monad
data Term = Con Int
| Add Term Term
deriving (Show)
type MSO a = State -> (a, State, Output)
-- Use a newtype so you can declare it as a Monad
newtype MSO a = MSO (State -> (a, State, Output))
type State = Int
type Output = String
formatLine :: Term -> Int -> Output
formatLine t a = "eval (" ++ show t ++ ") <= " ++ show a ++ " - "
mkMSO :: a -> MSO a
mkMSO a = \s -> (a, s, "")
bindMSO :: MSO a -> (a -> MSO b) -> MSO b
bindMSO m f = \x ->
let (a, y, s1) = m x in
let (b, z, s2) = f a y in
(b, z, s1 ++ s2)
combineMSO :: MSO a -> MSO b -> MSO b
combineMSO m f = m `bindMSO` \_ -> f
--The above 3 functions are replaced by an instance decl
-- combineMSO (ie >>) is the same as the default method
instance Monad MSO where
return a = MSO (\s -> (a, s, ""))
(MSO m) >>= f = MSO $ \x ->
let (a, y, s1) = m x in
let MSO y_bz = f a in
let (b, z, s2) = y_bz y in
(b, z, s1 ++ s2)
-- Note the second let is needed to unwrap the newtype
-- Also note you don't need 3 separate let constructs - you could
-- just use one if you like
incMSOstate :: MSO ()
incMSOstate = \s -> ((), s + 1, "")
incMSOstate :: MSO ()
incMSOstate = MSO (\s -> ((), s + 1, ""))
outMSO :: Output -> MSO ()
outMSO = \x s -> ((),s, x)
-- We need to wrap the function returned by (outMSO x) as
-- a value of (new)type MSO hence:
outMSO :: Output -> MSO ()
outMSO x = MSO (\s -> ((),s, x))
-- You could also have written outMSO = \x -> MSO ... but it's
-- preferable to put the x on the lhs to avoid the dreaded
-- monomorphism restriction
evalMSO :: Term -> MSO Int
evalMSO (Con a) = incMSOstate `combineMSO`
outMSO (formatLine (Con a) a) `combineMSO`
mkMSO a
evalMSO (Add t u) = evalMSO t `bindMSO` \a ->
evalMSO u `bindMSO` \b ->
incMSOstate `combineMSO`
outMSO (formatLine (Add t u) (a + b)) `combineMSO`
mkMSO (a + b)
evalMSO :: Term -> MSO Int
evalMSO (Con a) = do
incMSOstate
outMSO (formatLine (Con a) a)
return a
evalMSO (Add t u) = do
a <- evalMSO t
b <- evalMSO u
incMSOstate
outMSO (formatLine (Add t u) (a + b))
return (a + b)
-- To be tested with:
-- evalMSO (Add (Con 6) (Add (Con 16) (Add (Con 20) (Con 12)))) 0
-- We need one more thing: a function to run the monad that's wrapped up
-- inside the MSO newtype:
runMSO :: MSO a -> State -> (a, State, Output)
runMSO (MSO f) s = f s
-- Tested with:
-- runMSO (evalMSO (Add (Con 6) (Add (Con 16) (Add (Con 20) (Con 12))))) 0
Regards, Brian.
--
Logic empowers us and Love gives us purpose.
Yet still phantoms restless for eras long past,
congealed in the present in unthought forms,
strive mightily unseen to destroy us.
http://www.metamilk.com
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