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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-13739?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel
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Hari Sekhon updated HDFS-13739:
-------------------------------
Description:
Current HDFS write pattern of "local node, rack local node, other rack node" is
good for most purposes but there are at least 2 scenarios where this is not
ideal:
# Rack-by-Rack Maintenance leaves data at risk of losing last remaining
replica. If a single data node failed it would likely cause some data outage or
even data loss if the rack is lost or an upgrade fails (or perhaps it's a rack
rebuild). Setting replicas to 4 would reduce write performance and waste
storage which is currently the only workaround to that issue.
# Major Storage Imabalnce across datanodes when there is an uneven layout of
datanodes across racks - some nodes fill up while others are half empty.
I have observed this storage imbalance on a cluster where half the nodes were
85% full and the other half were only 50% full.
Rack layouts like the following illustrate this - the nodes in the same rack
will only choose to send half their block replicas to each other, so they will
fill up first, while other nodes will receive far fewer replica blocks:
{code:java}
NumNodes - Rack
2 - rack 1
2 - rack 2
1 - rack 3
1 - rack 4
1 - rack 5
1 - rack 6{code}
In this case if I reduce the number of replicas to 2 then I get an almost
perfect spread of blocks across all datanodes because HDFS has no choice but to
maintain the only 2nd replica on a different rack. If I increase the replicas
back to 3 it goes back to 85% on half the nodes and 50% on the other half,
because the extra replicas choose to replicate only to rack local nodes.
Why not just run the HDFS balancer to fix it you might say? This is a heavily
loaded HBase cluster - aside from destroying HBase's data locality and
performance by moving blocks out from underneath RegionServers - as soon as an
HBase major compaction occurs (at least weekly), all blocks will get re-written
by HBase and the HDFS client will again write to local node, rack local node,
other rack node and resulting in the same storage imbalance again. Hence this
cannot be solved by running HDFS balancer on HBase clusters - or for any
application sitting on top of HDFS that has any HDFS block churn.
was:
Current HDFS write pattern of "local node, rack local node, other rack node" is
good for most purposes but there are at least 2 scenarios where this is not
ideal:
# Rack-by-Rack Maintenance leaves data at risk of losing last remaining
replica. If a single data node failed it would likely cause some data outage or
even data loss if the rack is lost or an upgrade fails (perhaps it's a rack
rebuild). Setting replicas to 4 would reduce write performance and waste
storage which is currently the only workaround to that issue.
# Major Storage Imabalnce across datanodes when there is an uneven layout of
datanodes across racks - some nodes fill up while others are half empty.
I have observed this storage imbalance on a cluster where half the nodes were
85% full and the other half were only 50% full.
Rack layouts like the following illustrate this - the nodes in the same rack
will only choose to send half their block replicas to each other, so they will
fill up first, while other nodes will receive far fewer replica blocks:
{code:java}
NumNodes - Rack
2 - rack 1
2 - rack 2
1 - rack 3
1 - rack 4
1 - rack 5
1 - rack 6{code}
In this case if I reduce the number of replicas to 2 then I get an almost
perfect spread of blocks across all datanodes because HDFS has no choice but to
maintain the only 2nd replica on a different rack. If I increase the replicas
back to 3 it goes back to 85% on half the nodes and 50% on the other half,
because the extra replicas choose to replicate only to rack local nodes.
Why not just run the HDFS balancer to fix it you might say? This is a heavily
loaded HBase cluster - aside from destroying HBase's data locality and
performance by moving blocks out from underneath RegionServers - as soon as an
HBase major compaction occurs (at least weekly), all blocks will get re-written
by HBase and the HDFS client will again write to local node, rack local node,
other rack node and resulting in the same storage imbalance again. Hence this
cannot be solved by running HDFS balancer on HBase clusters - or for any
application sitting on top of HDFS that has any HDFS block churn.
> Option to disable Rack Local Write Preference to avoid 2 issues - 1.
> Rack-by-Rack Maintenance leaves last data replica at risk, 2. avoid Major
> Storage Imbalance across DataNodes caused by uneven spread of Datanodes
> across Racks
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: HDFS-13739
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-13739
> Project: Hadoop HDFS
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: balancer & mover, block placement, datanode, fs,
> hdfs, hdfs-client, namenode, nn, performance
> Affects Versions: 2.7.3
> Environment: Hortonworks HDP 2.6
> Reporter: Hari Sekhon
> Priority: Major
>
> Current HDFS write pattern of "local node, rack local node, other rack node"
> is good for most purposes but there are at least 2 scenarios where this is
> not ideal:
> # Rack-by-Rack Maintenance leaves data at risk of losing last remaining
> replica. If a single data node failed it would likely cause some data outage
> or even data loss if the rack is lost or an upgrade fails (or perhaps it's a
> rack rebuild). Setting replicas to 4 would reduce write performance and waste
> storage which is currently the only workaround to that issue.
> # Major Storage Imabalnce across datanodes when there is an uneven layout of
> datanodes across racks - some nodes fill up while others are half empty.
> I have observed this storage imbalance on a cluster where half the nodes were
> 85% full and the other half were only 50% full.
> Rack layouts like the following illustrate this - the nodes in the same rack
> will only choose to send half their block replicas to each other, so they
> will fill up first, while other nodes will receive far fewer replica blocks:
> {code:java}
> NumNodes - Rack
> 2 - rack 1
> 2 - rack 2
> 1 - rack 3
> 1 - rack 4
> 1 - rack 5
> 1 - rack 6{code}
> In this case if I reduce the number of replicas to 2 then I get an almost
> perfect spread of blocks across all datanodes because HDFS has no choice but
> to maintain the only 2nd replica on a different rack. If I increase the
> replicas back to 3 it goes back to 85% on half the nodes and 50% on the other
> half, because the extra replicas choose to replicate only to rack local nodes.
> Why not just run the HDFS balancer to fix it you might say? This is a heavily
> loaded HBase cluster - aside from destroying HBase's data locality and
> performance by moving blocks out from underneath RegionServers - as soon as
> an HBase major compaction occurs (at least weekly), all blocks will get
> re-written by HBase and the HDFS client will again write to local node, rack
> local node, other rack node and resulting in the same storage imbalance
> again. Hence this cannot be solved by running HDFS balancer on HBase clusters
> - or for any application sitting on top of HDFS that has any HDFS block churn.
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