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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-347?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13498420#comment-13498420
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Colin Patrick McCabe commented on HDFS-347:
-------------------------------------------
Here are some benchmarks I did locally on a one-node cluster. I did these to
confirm that there are no performance regressions with the new implementation.
With HDFS-347 and {{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit}} = true and
{{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit.skip.checksum}} = false:
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.46user 3.38system 0:09.50elapsed 114%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
423200maxresident)k
0inputs+104outputs (0major+25697minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.39user 3.37system 0:09.43elapsed 114%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
430352maxresident)k
0inputs+144outputs (0major+24399minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.41user 3.39system 0:09.51elapsed 113%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
439536maxresident)k
0inputs+144outputs (0major+25609minor)pagefaults 0swaps
=========================================
With unmodified trunk and {{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit}} = true and
{{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit.skip.checksum}} = false, and
{{dfs.block.local-path-access.user}} = cmccabe:
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.60user 3.58system 0:09.89elapsed 113%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
444848maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+25903minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.65user 3.44system 0:09.57elapsed 115%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
443824maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+24054minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
7.50user 3.43system 0:09.42elapsed 116%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
422624maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+25918minor)pagefaults 0swaps
=========================================
with HDFS-347 and {{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit}} = false
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
10.15user 8.83system 0:17.88elapsed 106%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
412512maxresident)k
0inputs+224outputs (0major+24449minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
10.19user 8.55system 0:17.23elapsed 108%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
449248maxresident)k
0inputs+184outputs (0major+24109minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
10.24user 8.38system 0:17.16elapsed 108%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
439568maxresident)k
0inputs+144outputs (0major+23957minor)pagefaults 0swaps
=========================================
with unmodified trunk and {{dfs.client.read.shortcircuit}} = false
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /
1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
10.76user 8.64system 0:18.18elapsed 106%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
483872maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+28735minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
10.59user 8.54system 0:17.46elapsed 109%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
491216maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+27868minor)pagefaults 0swaps
cmccabe@keter:/h> /usr/bin/time ./bin/hadoop fs -cat /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g
/1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g /1g >/dev/null
9.81user 8.95system 0:17.24elapsed 108%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
422144maxresident)k
0inputs+64outputs (0major+25726minor)pagefaults 0swaps
> DFS read performance suboptimal when client co-located on nodes with data
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: HDFS-347
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-347
> Project: Hadoop HDFS
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: data-node, hdfs client, performance
> Reporter: George Porter
> Assignee: Colin Patrick McCabe
> Attachments: all.tsv, BlockReaderLocal1.txt, HADOOP-4801.1.patch,
> HADOOP-4801.2.patch, HADOOP-4801.3.patch, HDFS-347-016_cleaned.patch,
> HDFS-347.016.patch, HDFS-347.017.clean.patch, HDFS-347.017.patch,
> HDFS-347.018.clean.patch, HDFS-347.018.patch2, HDFS-347.019.patch,
> HDFS-347.020.patch, HDFS-347.021.patch, HDFS-347.022.patch,
> HDFS-347.024.patch, HDFS-347.025.patch, HDFS-347-branch-20-append.txt,
> hdfs-347.png, hdfs-347.txt, local-reads-doc
>
>
> One of the major strategies Hadoop uses to get scalable data processing is to
> move the code to the data. However, putting the DFS client on the same
> physical node as the data blocks it acts on doesn't improve read performance
> as much as expected.
> After looking at Hadoop and O/S traces (via HADOOP-4049), I think the problem
> is due to the HDFS streaming protocol causing many more read I/O operations
> (iops) than necessary. Consider the case of a DFSClient fetching a 64 MB
> disk block from the DataNode process (running in a separate JVM) running on
> the same machine. The DataNode will satisfy the single disk block request by
> sending data back to the HDFS client in 64-KB chunks. In BlockSender.java,
> this is done in the sendChunk() method, relying on Java's transferTo()
> method. Depending on the host O/S and JVM implementation, transferTo() is
> implemented as either a sendfilev() syscall or a pair of mmap() and write().
> In either case, each chunk is read from the disk by issuing a separate I/O
> operation for each chunk. The result is that the single request for a 64-MB
> block ends up hitting the disk as over a thousand smaller requests for 64-KB
> each.
> Since the DFSClient runs in a different JVM and process than the DataNode,
> shuttling data from the disk to the DFSClient also results in context
> switches each time network packets get sent (in this case, the 64-kb chunk
> turns into a large number of 1500 byte packet send operations). Thus we see
> a large number of context switches for each block send operation.
> I'd like to get some feedback on the best way to address this, but I think
> providing a mechanism for a DFSClient to directly open data blocks that
> happen to be on the same machine. It could do this by examining the set of
> LocatedBlocks returned by the NameNode, marking those that should be resident
> on the local host. Since the DataNode and DFSClient (probably) share the
> same hadoop configuration, the DFSClient should be able to find the files
> holding the block data, and it could directly open them and send data back to
> the client. This would avoid the context switches imposed by the network
> layer, and would allow for much larger read buffers than 64KB, which should
> reduce the number of iops imposed by each read block operation.
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