http://islamicthinkers.com/intro.htm
http://www.globalquran.com/?recitation&s=9&f=1 None has the right to be
worshiped except Allah and Muhammad peace n blessings be upon him is the
Mesenger of Allah
A Time for Thought.
A Time for Change.
A Time for Action.
9:32Mereka berkehendak memadamkan cahaya (agama) Allah dengan mulut
(ucapan-ucapan) mereka, dan Allah tidak menghendaki selain menyempurnakan
cahaya-Nya, walaupun orang-orang yang kafir tidak menyukai.
'Israel forces under fire from Jordan'
Tue, 13 Jan 2009 07:34:05 GMT
Israeli troops have come under fire from Jordan at a border crossing with the
kingdom, says an Israeli military spokeswoman.
"Troops were fired upon from the Jordanian side of the border. It was unclear
who the gunmen were," she said on Tuesday.
According to the spokesman, no one was hurt in the incident.
HRF/AA
Main reference: The Crusades Through Arab Eyes by Amin Maalouf, translated by
Jon Rothschild, 1984.
Al Saqi Books, 26 Wetbourne Grove, London W2. Copyright ©1998-99 The Sabr
Foundation
| close window | Invasion
1095-1099
The First Crusade
1096 Kilij Arslan, sultan of Nicaea, crushes a Crusaders invasion led by
Peter the Hermit. 1097 First great expedition by the Crusaders, known as
Franj in Arabia. 1098 The Crusaders take Edessa and then Antioch, and
triumph over a Muslim rescue army commanded by Karbuqa, ruler of Mosul. The
incident of cannibalism by the Crusaders in Maarra. "For three days they put
people to the sword, killing more than a hundred thousand people and taking
many prisoners." (Ibn al-Athir) "In Maarra our troops boiled pagan adults in
cooking pots; they impaled children on spits and devoured them grilled."
(Radulph of Caen) 1099 Fall of Jerusalem, followed by massacres and
plunder by the Crusaders. The population of the holy city was put to the sword,
and the Crusaders spent a week massacring Muslims. They killed more than
seventy thousand people in Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Jews had gathered in their
synagogue and the Crusaders burned them alive. They also destroyed the
monuments of saints, the mosque of Umar and the tomb of Abraham.
Occupation
1100 Baldwin, count of Edessa, escapes an ambush near Beirut and proclaims
himself King of Jerusalem.
1104 Muslim victory at Harran, which checks the Crusaders' eastward
advance. 1108 Two coalitions made up of Crusaders and Muslims confront
one another near Tel Bashir. 1109 Fall of Tripoli after a 2000-day siege.
1110 Fall of Beirut and Saida. 1111 Ibn al-Khashab, the qadi of
Aleppo, organizes a riot against the caliph of Baghdad to demand intervention
against the Frankish occupation. 1112 Victorious resistance at Tyre.
1115 Alliance of Muslim and Frankish princes of Syria against an army
dispatched by the sultan. 1119 Ilghazi, ruler of Aleppo, Crushes the
Crusaders at Sarmada. 1124 The Crusaders take Tyre. They now occupy the
entire coast, except for Ascalon. 1125 Ibn al-Khashab is murdered by the
Assassins sect. 1128 Failure of Crusaders thrust at Damascus. Zangi the
ruler of Aleppo. 1135 Zangi fails to take Damascus. 1137 Zangi
captures Fulk, King of Jerusalem, then releases him. 1140
Alliance of Damascus and Jerusalem against Zangi. 1144-1155 The Second
Crusade. 1144 Zangi takes Edessa, destroying the first of the four
Frankish states of the Orient. 1146 Murder of Zangi. His son Nur al-Din
replaces him in Aleppo. Victory
1148 Debacle at Damascus for a new Frankish expedition led by Conrad,
Emperor of Germany, and Louis VII, King of France.
1154 Nur al-Din takes control of Damascus, unifying Muslim Syria under
his authority. 1163-69 The struggle for Egypt. Shirkuh, lieutenant of Nur
al-Din, finally wins. Proclaimed vizier, he dies two months later. He is
succeeded by his nephew Saladin (Salahuddin). 1171 Saladin proclaims the
overthrow of the Fatimid caliphate. Sole master of Egypt, he finds himself in
conflict with Nur al-Din. 1174 Death of Nur al-Din. Saladin takes
Damascus. 1183 Saladin takes Aleppo. Egypt and Syria now reunited under
his aegis. 1187-1192 The Third Crusade. 1187 The year of victory.
Saladin Crushes the Crusaders armies at Hittin, near Lake Tiberias. He
reconquers Jerusalem and the greater part of the Crusaders territories. The
Crusaders now hold only Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch. 1190-92 Setback for
Saladin at Acre. Intervention of Richard the Lionheart, King of England,
enables the Crusaders to recover several cities from the sultan, but not
Jerusalem. 1193 Saladin dies in Damascus at the age of 55. After several
years of civil war, his empire is reunited under the authority of his brother
al-Adil. 1194-1201 The Fourth and Fifth Crusade. 1204 The Crusaders
take Constantinople. Sack of the city. 1216-1218 The Sixth Crusade.
1218-21 Invasion of Egypt by the Crusaders. They take Damietta and head for
Cairo, but the sultan al-Kamil, son of al-Adil, finally repels them.
1227-1229 The Seventh Crusade. 1229 Al-Kamil delivers Jerusalem to the
Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, arousing a storm of indignation in the
Arab world. Expulsion
1244 The Crusaders lose Jerusalem for the last time.
1245-1247 The Eighth Crusade. 1248-50 Invasion of Egypt by Louis
IX, King of France, who is defeated and captured. Fall of the Ayyubid dynasty;
replaced by the rule of the Mamluks. 1258 The Mongol chief Hulegu,
grandson of Genghis Khan, sacks Baghdad, massacring the population and killing
the last Abbasid caliph. 1260 The Mongol army, after occupying first
Aleppo and then Damascus, is defeated at the battle of Ayn Jalut in Palestine.
Baybars at the head of the Mamluk sultanate. 1268 Baybars takes Antioch,
which had been allied with the Mongols. 1270 Louis IX dies near Tunis in
the course of a failed invasion. 1289 The mamluk sultan Qalawun takes
Tripoli. 1291 The sultan Khalil, son of Qalawun, takes Acre, putting an
end to two centuries of Crusaders presence in the Orient.
