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Sent: Wednesday, September 29, 1999 12:17 AM
Subject: BBC: Profile: Aslan Maskhadov, the quiet general
> BBC
>
> Monday, September 27, 1999
>
> Profile: Aslan Maskhadov, the quiet general
>
> By BBC News Online's Stephen Mulvey
>
> As chief of staff of the Chechen armed forces Aslan Maskhadov did more
> than any other fighter in Chechnya to win the 1994-1996 war against
> Russia. He also did more than any other negotiator to bring peace.
>
> The softly-spoken general succeeded against the odds in co-ordinating
> the actions of the numerous Chechen field commanders.
>
> He turned a swiftly mobilised scratch army into a force capable of
> repelling Russian tanks, air power, and artillery.
>
> At the same time, he was at the forefront of peace negotiations in 1995
> and 1996. His quiet pragmatism won the respect of Russian negotiators.
>
> Chechens elected him president in January 1997 because of his war
> record, and because he promised a more peaceful future than younger and
> more radical rival candidates.
>
> On one point he was always firm, however: Chechnya must be independent.
>
> An army man
>
> Like all Chechens of his generation, Aslan Maskhadov was born in exile.
> His family was deported from Chechnya by Stalin, along with the rest of
> the Chechen nation, in 1944. They returned home from Kazakhstan in 1957,
> when Maskhadov was a child of six.
>
> The future president became a career artillery officer in the Soviet
> army. He served in Hungary, and took part in the Soviet army's attempt
> to suppress Lithuania's nationalist independence movement in January
> 1991 - an episode he quickly came to regret.
>
> He became breakaway Chechnya's chief of staff the following year.
>
> Maskhadov's main rival in the January 1997 election was the charismatic
> field commander, Shamil Basayev. After the election he wisely decided to
> work with, rather than against Basayev, first making him deputy chief of
> the Chechen army, then acting prime minister.
>
> In 1998, however, Basayev joined many other former field commanders in
> an unruly opposition. The commanders evolved into warlords, removing
> large areas of Chechnya from Maskhadov's control. Some came under
> suspicion when Maskhadov twice narrowly escaped assassination, in car
> bomb explosions.
>
> Growing weaker
>
> Maskhadov's weakness was illustrated by a series of high-profile
> kidnappings in 1998 and 1999. Foreign aid workers and
> Russian envoys joined hundreds of less well-known victims held for
> ransom in Chechnya. His government was powerless to release them.
>
> Maskhadov has also been unable to prevent Chechen warlords launching a
> holy war to drive Russians out of neighbouring Dagestan.
>
> His own attitude to Islam is characteristically conservative. He has
> encouraged the rebirth of Chechen religious traditions, and the creation
> of religious courts. He has attempted, unsuccessfully, to ban the
> fundamentalist trend of Islam known as Wahabism.
>
> The latest Russian attacks on Chechnya have helped to mend relations
> between Maskhadov and his internal opponents. They are now preparing to
> stand together against the Russian enemy.
>
> However, these developments have not necessarily made Maskhadov
> stronger. His appeal to the Chechen voter rests partly on his ability to
> offer them a life without war. A new conflict could prompt calls for a
> leader in a more radical mold.
>
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