Oki, Mungkin bisa belajar dari New Jersey Slope.
Herman ___________ Firmground Ichnofabrics in Deep-water Sequence Stratigraphy, Tertiary Clinoform-toe Deposits, New Jersey Slope Savrda et al, Palaios 2001, v. 16, p 294-305 Sixteen erosional surfaces are recognized in a 144-m-thick condensed package of Tertiary (Eocene-Pliocene) clinoformtoe sediments recovered at ODP Site 1073 on theNewJersey slope. Most of these surfaces are associated with significant hiatuses or extremely condensed intervals defined by Sr isotopes or biostratigraphic data, and many can be linked to sequence boundaries defined in onshore and shelf seismic studies. All surfaces define the bases of fining upward sequences; they separate clay or biogenicmuds belowfromauthigenic glauconitic sandy muds or sands above. The entire Tertiary package is thoroughly bioturbated and dominated by ichnotaxa representing softground conditions. Burrow densities, burrow preservation, and the relative importance of certain ichnotaxa vary through the Tertiary package, re- flecting changes in water depth, relative degree of condensation, and associated glaucony authigenesis, all related to margin progradation. Nonetheless, when individual sequences are considered, little or no change in softground ichnofossil assemblages is recognized across bounding surfaces. However, most surfaces are marked clearly by firmground Thalassinoides, burrow systems that penetrate deeply (up to 2 m) into subjacent clays and are characterized by extremely sharp walls and coarser glauconitic fills. In shallower shelf sequences, firmground ichnofabrics develop at sequence boundaries in response to subaerial exposure and transgressive ravinement. In contrast, the Tertiary firmgrounds on the New Jersey margin formed in deep water in response to phases of rapid transgression and net erosion; consolidated mud substrates were exhumed as a result of sediment starvation and bottom-current winnowing, facilitated by bioerosion, at or near the bases of slope clinoforms. These observations extend the previously established sequence stratigraphic utility of the substrate-controlled Glossifungites ichnofacies to deeper water facies. -----Original Message----- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 26 April 2005 15:14 To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id Subject: Re: [iagi-net-l] Tanya : Water depth Glossifungites Ichnofacies Mas Oki, Pernah kok dibahas mengenai keberadaan glossifungites ichnofacies pada sedimen bathyal. Salah satunya Hayward (1976), Lower Miocene Bathyal & Submarine Canyon ichnofacies from Northland, New Zealand. Saya tidak punya papernya, tapi sepertinya ada sedikit di bahas dalam Facies Model-nya Walker. salam, -sw- "Musakti, Oki" <[EMAIL PROTECTED] To: <iagi-net@iagi.or.id> os.com> cc: 04/26/2005 10:51 AM Subject: [iagi-net-l] Tanya : Water depth Glossifungites Please respond to Ichnofacies iagi-net Glossifungites ichnofacies selalu didefinisikan dengan kumpulan trace fossil (an. Thallasinoides, Rhizocorralium etc) pada firm ground (semi lithified) sediment. Dalam konteks sequence stratigraphy, glossifungites ichnofacies ini sering dikaitkan dengan transgressive surface atau ravinement, karena indikasi bahwa telah terjadi erosi dan 'removal' dari unconsolidated sediment diatasnya. Dari segi water depth, Glossi surface ini biasanya diasosiasikan dengan near shore environment, inner sampai mid neritik. Pokoknya diatas wave base. Pertanyaan: Apakah ada kemungkinan glossi ini terjadi juga di tempat yang lebih dalam ie. Outer sublittoral bahkan bathyal seperti diindikasikan secara konsisten oleh biostratigraphy (ie. Plankton-benton foram ratio, deep water bentonic taxa etc). Bagaimana kalau sang ichnologist berkeras menyebut shallow marine environment sedangkan biostratigrapher 'kekeuh' pada deep water untuk interval yang sama. Mana yang harus kita 'percaya' dan apakah mungkin ada kompromi diantara keduanya ie. erosi dan pemindahan sediment penutup terjadi secara subaquaous via contourite current dan semacamnya. Ada yang punya contoh2 glossi surface di deep water...? Thanks Oki Santos Ltd A.B.N. 80 007 550 923 Disclaimer: The information contained in this email is intended only for the use of the person(s) to whom it is addressed and may be confidential or contain privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient you are hereby notified that any perusal, use, distribution, copying or disclosure is strictly prohibited. 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