Puncak Erupsi Rinjani benar di Abad 13 kalo menurut literatur yang ada, seperti kata Abstract-paper di bawah ini:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- Eruptive history during the last 10 ky for the caldera-forming eruption ofRinjani volcano, Indonesia # Akira Takada[l], Asnawir Nasution[2], Rosgandika Mulyana[2] [I] GSJ,AIST, [2] Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation, Indonesia Rinjani volcano, Lombok island (edifice volume: 100 km3), Indonesia, had grown on the eastern flank of Central Lombok volcano complex (edifice volume: 850 km3). The eruptive history ofRinjani volcano is divided into Stratocone building stage, Low volcanic activity stage, and Syn-caldera stage. Eruption rate was kept constant during Stratocone building stage. It decreased to 0.6 km3/ky during the last period of Stratocone building stage (12000-6000 y.B.P.). Finally, it became 0.15 km3/ky during the last 5200 years before the caldera-forming eruption (6000-800 y.B.P.) (Low activity stage). At Low activity stage, eruption interval became longer than the previous stage; subplinian Propok pumice (DRE volume: 0.1 km3) and Lember lava flow (volume: 0.4 km3), Rinjani asb, and subplinian Rinjani pumice (ORE volume: 0.3 km3) occurred. Plagioclase-phyric basalt, and andesite became common for the last period of Stratocone building stage. Dacite with hydrous minerals erupted during Low activity stage. The main magma path shifted 5 km toward the eastern flank of Central Lombok volcano complex to grow Rinjani volcano at the end of the complex. Afler stratocone building, the volcanic activity migrated more 5 km eastward for Low activity stage. Pmpock pumice and Lembah lava flow erupted. Next, the activity migrated back to Rinjani summit. Rinjani ash and Rinjani pumice erupted. Syn-caldera stage started with plinian West Rinjani pumice (DRE volume: 3 km3) at the center of Central Lombok volcano complex. Segaraanak caldera collapsed with eruption of huge pyroclastic flows (The subarea! ORE volume: 7 km km3), not at Rinjani, but at the center of Central Lombok volcano complex. The dated results of seven charcoals indicate the climax of caldera forming-eruption is the period of AD 1210-1260 years B.P. The caldera collapse may have been associated with the sector collapse of the western flank of Rinjani volcano. The present caldera is 6 km x 7 km in size of rim to rim, and, in its eastern part, is connected to a horseshoe-shaped caldera of 3.5 km long and 3.5 km wide. ------------------------------------------------------------- -----Original Message----- From: Budi Brahmantyo [mailto:bud...@gc.itb.ac.id] Sent: 20 Juli 2012 16:01 To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id Subject: RE: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di Indonesia ? Setahu saya Kaldera Rinjani terbentuk 14.000 tahun yang lalu (cross reference ke pak Heryadi Rachmat). BB > Pak Yatno, Frank Lavigne memang belum mau bilang Gunung Api di > Indonesia yang mana yang meletus tahun 1257/8 AD yang menyebabkan > dunia menjadi dingin dan memasuki jaman es kecil itu (i.e. little ice > age). Mungkin takut dibajak orang lain meneliti/mempublikasikannya. > Tapi sebagian ahli menduga kuat yang dimaksud adalah Rinjani. Di > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rinjani disebutkan kaldera Rinjani > terbentuk di Abad 13, tapi belum ada info tahun persisnya. Di copy-an > berita di bawah katanya sudah ada charcoal dating yang menunjuk ke > 1210-1260 AD untuk letusan Rinjani itu. Jadi bagi saya sih logis saja > kalo mengajukan Rinjani sebagai tersangka-nya kalau memang info umur > kaldera ini benar. > > > > Hayoo siapa yang mau ngedulu-in si Frank, buruan J > > > > Salam, > > DHN > > > > Di bawah ini komentar seorang ahli tentang isue Si Frank dan Rinjani itu: > > http://goodnewsfromindonesia.org/category/nature/ > > If youve been following the news out the AGU Chapman Meeting of > Volcanoes & the Atmospheremeeting going on this week, you might have > seen some interesting news about the missing 1258 A.D. eruption. I > wrote about the eruption a few months back, speculating on some > potential volcanoes that could be the culprit for this > climate-altering event. However, trying to match a sulfate signal on > the poles with a volcano somewhere on the planet is hard, so finding > that smoking gun is a challenge to say the least. > However, Franck Lavigne from the Panthéon-Sorbonne Universitys > Laboratory of Physical Geography in Meudon, France claimed to have > solved the mystery. > It isnt that simple, though. Lavigne will not reveal the site of the > eruption until his study is published (it may or may not be submitted > for peer review at this point). So, instead of sharing news of his > discovery, he showed the data he used to solve the mystery but > never revealed what volcano it was! What harm could come from Lavigne > revealing his location before the article is published, especially if > he is willing to show data that supposedly correlates the sulfate and > ash composition in the polar record with the terrestrial record of the > mystery volcano? Overall, this is shocking behavior for a geologist at > a large meeting such as this people commonly discuss data and > information that has not be published yet, so why Lavigne chose to do > this is beyond me (unless you want to think theatrics are part of the > rationale). > > The consensus of people at the meeting (N.B., I am not at the meeting) > is that the mystery volcano is in Indonesia. Lavigne wouldnt confirm > or deny this assessment, but it got me thinking what might a > contender be for a caldera eruption in Indonesia during the 13th > century. Indonesia is filled with volcanoes, and as I mentioned a few > weeks back when I discussed a recent study by Salisbury and others > (2012), we really dont have a lot of good ages for Indonesian > eruptions prior to ~1800 A.D. However, one very likely candidate might > be the ~6 x 8.5 km Rinjani caldera. Rinjani hosts a caldera that may > have formed in the 13th century, so it not only fulfills the role of > being a large eruption but also falls within the right century. > We dont have any good ages for the caldera eruption beyond some > charcoal dated at 1210-1260 A.D. However, with the evidence that > Lavingnes volcano is in Indonesia and how little we know about the > caldera eruption at Rinjani, it makes sense that Rinjani could be an > excellent candidate for an eruption that could be matched with the > polar sulfate and ash. > > At this point, all we can do is wait for Lavignes study to be > published, but we might be able to narrow the search for the 1257-58 > eruption to Indonesia and even to a target caldera that might be the > weapon of choice. > > > > > > > > From: Yustinus Suyatno Yuwono [mailto:yuw...@gc.itb.ac.id] > Sent: 06 Juli 2012 15:23 > To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id > Subject: RE: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di > Indonesia ? > > > > Rekan Danny, > > Gak peduli Bule atau Melayu, kalo statement nya (maaf) terlalu berani > dan menurut saya (terbatas pada disiplin ilmu yang saya tekuni) kurang > logis ya saya akan berikan opini. Contohnya ini: G. Rinjani meletus > dengan skala letusan 7 pada abat 13???????? Begitu bodohnya orang > Indonesia pada waktu itukah, sehingga sama sekali tidak ada catatan > mengenai peristiwa alam begitu dahsyatnya? Misal dalam Babat Tanah > Jawi atau legenda rakyat dan sejenisnya (barangkali Awang Satyana bisa > memberi pencerahan krn koleksi bukunya luar biasa, sebagai referensi). > Kedua, tidak ada catatan dari Direktorat Volkanologi yang pernah saya > baca dan dengar mengenai super erupsi Rinjani pada abat tersebut? > Ketiga, data yang kita lihat lewat satelit dapat memperlihatkan berapa > ukuran kaldera dari G Rinjani ini yang diakibatkan super erupsi ini? > Kalau melihat ukuran kalderanya mungkin Kaldera Tengger lebih prospek > jadi kandidatnya (hanya melihat ukuran kaldera), tapi saya tidak tahu > apakah Dir Volk kita sudah punya data umur kapan terbentuknya kaldera > Tengger (dan juga Rinjani?). > > Danny, jangan tersinggung kalau saya ber-opini keras terutama yang > menyangkut bidang saya, inilah gunanya sharing pengetahuan. > > Salam, > > Yatno (YSY). > > > > From: Danny Hilman Natawidjaja [mailto:danny.hil...@gmail.com] > Sent: Tuesday, July 03, 2012 1:40 PM > To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id > Subject: RE: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di > Indonesia ? > > > > Salah besar pak. > > Culpritnya memang Rinjani. Bisa dilihat di: > > > > http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341497/title/13th_century_v > olcano > _mystery_may_be_solved > > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rinjani > > > > http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/aggregator/sources/9 > > > > > > From: Yustinus Suyatno Yuwono [mailto:yuw...@gc.itb.ac.id] > Sent: 03 Juli 2012 12:05 > To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id > Subject: RE: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di > Indonesia ? > > > > He geodukun lagi????? > > YSY > > > > From: abacht...@cbn.net.id [mailto:abacht...@cbn.net.id] > Sent: Saturday, June 16, 2012 7:48 PM > To: iagi-net@iagi.or.id > Subject: Re: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di > Indonesia ? > > > > Gunung Rinjani, Vick. > > Powered by Telkomsel BlackBerry® > > _____ > > From: Rovicky Dwi Putrohari <rovi...@gmail.com> > > Date: Sat, 16 Jun 2012 19:31:05 +0700 > > To: IAGI<iagi-net@iagi.or.id>; geologi...@googlegroups.com > <mailto:geologi...@googlegroups.com%3cgeologi...@googlegroups.com> > <geologi...@googlegroups.com> > > ReplyTo: <iagi-net@iagi.or.id> > > Subject: [iagi-net-l] Erupsi besar gunungapi, abad ke 13 di Indonesia ? > > > > Gunung mana ya ? > > > > Rdp > > > > http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341497/title/13th_century_v > olcano > _mystery_may_be_solved > > > > > 13th Century Volcano Mystery May Be Solved - Science News > > > SELFOSS, Iceland One of the biggest mysteries in volcanology may > finally have a solution. An eruption long thought to have gone off in > the year 1258, spreading cooling sulfur particles around the globe, > happened the year before in Indonesia, scientists report. > > Until now, researchers have known a big volcano went off somewhere in > the world around that time, but they didnt know exactly where or when. > > The new report still remains something of a mystery. Franck Lavigne, a > geoscientist at Panthéon-Sorbonne University's Laboratory of Physical > Geography in Meudon, France, showed data and close-up photographs of > the remains of the perpetrator volcano on June 14 at an American > Geophysical Union conference on volcanism and the atmosphere. But he > declined to name the specific volcano, saying he had agreed with his > international colleagues not to identify it until the work is > published in a peer-reviewed journal. > > We have new and solid evidence for the biggest volcanic eruption in > 7,000 years, Lavigne said. > > Consensus in the meeting hallways was that he showed pictures of > Indonesia. > Lavigne would say only that Indonesia has more than 130 active volcanoes. > > Scientists know a big eruption must have happened in the mid-13th > century because ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica dating to that > time contain huge amounts of sulfur. Tree rings, historical records > and other evidence also show that the planet cooled soon thereafter. > Big volcanic eruptions can spew sulfur particles into the upper > atmosphere, where they spread around the globe and reflect sunlight, > temporarily chilling the planet. > > Leading candidates for the 1258 eruption have included Mexicos El > Chichón, which also erupted in 1982, and Quilotoa in the Ecuadorean > Andes. But the chemical composition of rocks from those volcanoes, > among other factors, dont really match the 1258 sulfur from ice > cores. > > At the meeting, Lavigne showed geochemical analyses of rocks from his > mystery volcano. They matched the chemistry of the polar sulfur almost > perfectly. The rocks come from a caldera, the collapsed remains left > behind after a large volcanic eruption drains an underground magma > chamber. > > Newly unearthed historical records and other evidence show that > climate changes were already happening in the region by the winter of > 1257-1258, Lavigne said. We think the eruption may have been in the > late spring or summer of 1257, he said. Thats nearly a year earlier > than previously thought. > > Computer simulations suggest the eruption sent pumice flying into the > air more than 40 kilometers high, showering debris for tens of > kilometers around. The eruption would have ranked a 7 on the volcanic > explosivity scale that measures an eruptions magnitude. That scale > tops out at 8. > > Still, volcanologists have spent decades looking for the source of the > 1257/1258 eruption. Its not yet clear whether Lavigne will be able to > marshal enough evidence to convince everyone else. > > > > > > -- > "Sejarah itu tidak pernah usang untuk terus dipelajari" > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- PP-IAGI 2011-2014: Ketua Umum: Rovicky Dwi Putrohari, rovicky[at]gmail.com Sekjen: Senoaji, ajiseno[at]ymail.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Jangan lupa PIT IAGI 2012 di Jogjakarta tanggal 17-20 September 2012. Kirim abstrak ke email: pit.iagi.2012[at]gmail.com. Batas akhir pengiriman abstrak 28 Februari 2012. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- To unsubscribe, send email to: iagi-net-unsubscribe[at]iagi.or.id To subscribe, send email to: iagi-net-subscribe[at]iagi.or.id For topics not directly related to Geology, users are advised to post the email to: o...@iagi.or.id Visit IAGI Website: http://iagi.or.id Pembayaran iuran anggota ditujukan ke: Bank Mandiri Cab. Wisma Alia Jakarta No. Rek: 123 0085005314 Atas nama: Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) Bank BCA KCP. Manara Mulia No. Rekening: 255-1088580 A/n: Shinta Damayanti IAGI-net Archive 1: http://www.mail-archive.com/iagi-net%40iagi.or.id/ IAGI-net Archive 2: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/iagi --------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER: IAGI disclaims all warranties with regard to information posted on its mailing lists, whether posted by IAGI or others. 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Batas akhir pengiriman abstrak 28 Februari 2012. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, send email to: iagi-net-unsubscribe[at]iagi.or.id To subscribe, send email to: iagi-net-subscribe[at]iagi.or.id For topics not directly related to Geology, users are advised to post the email to: o...@iagi.or.id Visit IAGI Website: http://iagi.or.id Pembayaran iuran anggota ditujukan ke: Bank Mandiri Cab. Wisma Alia Jakarta No. Rek: 123 0085005314 Atas nama: Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) Bank BCA KCP. Manara Mulia No. Rekening: 255-1088580 A/n: Shinta Damayanti IAGI-net Archive 1: http://www.mail-archive.com/iagi-net%40iagi.or.id/ IAGI-net Archive 2: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/iagi --------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER: IAGI disclaims all warranties with regard to information posted on its mailing lists, whether posted by IAGI or others. 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