Mudah-mudahan informasi yang saya dapatkan ini dapat membantu permasalahan
anda. Untuk lebih jelas bisa langsung ke http://www.linux.org
Yang mengalami kesulitan serupa terutama yang membeli RedHat Linux v5.1
dari http://www.linux.or.id informasi dibawah ini sangat bermanfaat sekali.
CD-ROM RedHat Linux yang mereka jual merupakan hasil copy CD-ROM asli dari
CheapBytes http://www.cheapbytes.com
--
Widjoen Pradjitno
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Red Hat Linux Installation from the CD-ROM
Last updated: June 26, 1998
Development stage: Alpha
This installation guide will help you get through the Red Hat Linux CD-ROM
installation; the CD-ROMs I order for Linux are from CheapBytes, for about
2 dollars each (plus about 5 dollars for shipping and handling); what's on
the CD-ROM is basically what you can download from Red Hat FTP mirrors. If
you want to go with the official Red Hat set, this guide still works.
This installation guide is based on my experience in installing Red Hat
Linux from the CD-ROM. I'm assuming that you have a PC with a 386 or higher
processor, and that you are installing this from the CD-ROM. Use common
sense and adjust whatever settings you feel may be necessary; I just tell
the reader to do stuff so the installation will go faster and be less
confusing.
Getting Started
Create a Bootdisk
Go to the DOS prompt and insert a 1.44 megabyte floppy into your a: drive.
>From the CD-ROM prompt (drive D I'll assume... you know what drive it is),
go to the directory where the DOS Utilities are (\DOSUTILS). Type rawrite.
Make sure you formatted the disk for DOS before this. The source file
should be a file called boot.img in the \images directory (so you would
type in "\images\boot.img" as the target) and the target should be your a:
drive (type "a:"). After you do this, set the disk aside to use later.
If you have the official Red Hat Linux distribution, the bootdisk should
already have been made for you. This is how to create a bootdisk in case
those disks are damaged. If you have the CheapBytes version, the top would
have helped you.
You don't have to use a bootdisk to get into the installation program if
you're using DOS without Windows running. You can just type autoboot from
the \DOSUTILS\ directory.
Backup
If you want to retain your old DOS/Windows system data, create a DOS system
disk. Take another floppy that is new or that you don't need, and at the
DOS prompt, type format a: /s. After you're done formatting, look for the
files FDISK.EXE and FORMAT.COM in a directory with all the DOS programs.
Copy those files to the DOS system disk you just created.
Make sure you backed up all the programs that you want to keep. Defragment
your hard drive in Windows or DOS so you can split it up.
Installing
Take out the DOS disk and then put in the Linux disk that you prepared
before. Reboot again, and make sure the CD is in the drive. It will display
a message: LILO boot: . Leave it alone (or type 'linux'), and it will start
up the installation program.
Partitioning
When you get to the point where it asks you about the partitions and swap
space for Linux, select edit. You might be asked if you want to use Disk
Druid or fdisk; I prefer fdisk so that's what I'll explain. You can use the
information about fdisk to use Disk Druid as well.
Once you're in the fdisk program, print out your partition information (p).
Looking at the index of commands also helps greatly (m). If you want to
resize your Windows/DOS partition to make room for Linux, delete (d) it
first and then re-create it with a smaller size (taking up less cylinders).
If you want to wipe it out altogether then you can just delete the whole
thing and give Linux more space. Remember to leave room for the swap space.
Remember to tag (t) your DOS partition (number 6).
For the swap space, I create an extended partition out of the room left
over on the hard drive after deciding how much to give to Linux and how
much to give to Windows. After that, I create a logical partition
(partition number 5) that takes up the same cylinders as the extended
partition. Then tag (t) it as Linux swap (number 82).
After creating all the partitions you should print out your partition
table. See if it looks okay. If not, go back and resize the partitions or
tag the partitions as what they're supposed to be.
Partition Size
You can set aside a Linux partition as big as you want; if you have the
room, give it a gigabyte (a comfortable installation will work with 200
megs but extra space is recommended in case you want to download a bunch of
stuff). Leave the remaining partitions for DOS (which you've already
created) and the Linux swap space (which should be at least twice the
amount of RAM that you have). If Linux is going to be your main operating
system, consider giving it more generous portions (4-5 gigs perhaps,
although I don't know what I would do with that much space).
Next make an extended partition, and then make another partition within the
extended partition, called a logical partition. The logical partition
should be partition number 5 or above, no matter whether you already have 4
partitions made before it or not. The number of cylinders is proportional
to how much space you have on your hard drive, so if you want to give half
of the drive to Linux, then use half the number of total cylinders when
making partitions. You'll probably want to use all the cylinders left on
the hard drive when making these last two partitions.
Tag Partitions
After this, tag the partitions; the primary partition should be tagged as
"Linux native". The other partitions should be tagged as Linux swap space.
Try to stay organized by tagging the partitions as soon as you make them
(except for the extended; you have to create a logical partition within the
extended partition or else the partitioning program will give you an error
about having to delete it...); otherwise, just print the partition table by
typing 'p' from the main Linux partitioning program (fdisk), which will
print out the information about the partitions and their type on your hard
drive. If all this is done, then type w to write to the partition table and
exit.
You will find yourself at the screen you were last in, so press enter on
"Done" or "Okay" since you already edited the partition tables for Linux.
If you have an older, slower computer, it might take Linux a while to
"initialize the swap space" (which it is really just "formatting" it,
really). Just sit back and wait, and/or do something else while it does
this.
Software Installation
When Linux installation is finished setting up swap space, it will ask you
what programs to install. Choose what you're interested in, modify what is
about to be installed, and proceed. It might take a long time if you have
an older computer. You can easily manually select what packages you want to
install through the menu that Red Hat installation provides, or choose to
install everything (I think by checking off the box at the bottom).
If you want to be able to build programs on your system from their source
code (compiling), or get into programming sometime, be sure to install the
development packages. I would also suggest installing the networking
packages. It's safe to install all the packages, but if you're short on
hard drive space just choose the packages that you don't think you'll need,
and if you need them later, you can install them separately.
Installing LILO, the Bootloader
When the programs are done installing, write the Master Boot Record to
/dev/hda (/dev/sda if you have a SCSI system.. if you don't know what I'm
talking about then don't worry about it, just use /dev/hda). You want to do
this at sector 0 (the beginning of the HD) because there's where the BIOS
on your computer looks on your hard drive to boot up (if you want to use
some other bootloader, that's fine, but LILO is really the only one I know
how to use).
Starting Linux
When Linux prompts you that installation is complete, just reboot with no
floppies in your floppy drive(s). When the screen says LILO boot:, type
Linux (doesn't matter what is capitalized), and Linux will start up. If you
don't do anything, LILO will just load what is on the first partition on
your hard drive. You can later configure it so that it will load something
else on default. To do that, refer to the fdisk section of the guide.
Now, when it's time for you to login, your username will be root, and you
use the password that you typed in during install. Your Linux
adventure/struggle begins.
Stuff to Get Done
After you get everything that you want up and running, such as configuring
your machine for a dialup PPP connection to the Internet or configuring the
X windowing system, be sure to check the Red Hat errata pages at
http://www.redhat.com/errata. Those pages will provide updates to the
weaknesses, bugs, and security holes that have been found with Red Hat
Linux.
Author's Notes
When you use the Linux fdisk (FIPS.EXE in \DOSUTILS\ on the Red Hat CD-ROM,
I think) to partition your hard drive, it will retain all the data that is
already on your MS-DOS FAT partition, provided that your hard drive is not
overly fragmented. When you do a dir command in DOS, however, it will show
its size before it was repartitioned, so DOS/Windows will think that your
partition was never modified in the first place.
If you already know quite a bit about Linux and want to create separate
partitions that are to be mounted for each root filesystem, I would suggest
that you make /usr/ the largest partition. More information on modifying
your partitions is available in the fdisk section of the guide.
Comments
Fips.exe _definitely_ needs a defragged drive to work. fips won't
chop off space that contains files. This could be an issue when one is
running Norton Utilities which puts rescue information at the very last
cluster of the DOS partition, even after defragging (which would normally
gather all files at the beginning.). Also, one needs PartitionMagic to do
this kind of work on a FAT32 disk, as they come with win95b.
Mans Axel Nilsson Sound Engineer
http://hem.passagen.se/mansaxel
Shawn Ormond wrote about his MetroX problem during installation. MetroX, as
far as I know, is only in the offical Red Hat distribution, not the 2
dollar CheapBytes version. But here it is anyway:
Well, I fixed the problem....Maybe you might wanna make a note of this
in your manual or something....I don't know, but the solution was kinda
weird....On Red Hat Linux 5, the installation, gives you an option of
installing MetroX. Well, I usually installed it, whenever I reinstalled
it. (I installed it for the 15th time today :c) )
Well, this time I didn't. Let everything run its course. And there we
go, I got full color. I don't know exactly why it did that, maybe a
conflict between MetroX and the regular X-Windows thingy....I dunno, but
from what I understand MetroX has to do with X-Windows. Anyway, thanks
for responding to my email, I appreciated it.
Sincerely,
Shawn Ormond
That's a lesson to be learned... if XFree86 supports your card, there's no
need for MetroX. More information on configuring X or whatnot is through
another document I wrote, Configuring and Troubleshooting X. However, that
doesn't list what video cards XFree86 supports; you might want to try
http://www.xfree86.org or one of its mirror sites.
Summary:
* Partition your hard drive with DOS's FDISK and make sure you leave
room for other partitions.
* Format your hard drive in DOS.
* Insert a boot disk rawritten with boot.img.
* Run the installation.
* Make a primary Linux partition, then extended, and then logical. (The
last two are for the swap space.)
* Tag your partitions.
* Reboot and at the " LILO boot: " prompt, type Linux.
* Login as "root" and enter the password that you set.
Send an e-mail if you encounter problems. You can also make use of the help
form.
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Copyright � 1997-1998 Joshua Go ([EMAIL PROTECTED]). All rights reserved.
Permission to use, distribute, and copy this document is hereby granted.
You may modify this document as long as credit to me is given.
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At 02:47 PM 10/13/98 +0700, you wrote:
>Saya ingin menginstal RedHat 5.1 dengan menempatkan source file
>(\RedHat\Base dan \RedHat\RPMS) di harddisk sebesar 1,2G
>Rencana saya adalah 300 M untuk DOS (optional) dan sisanya untuk RedHat.
>
>* Kesulitan saya adalah saya tidak dapat meng-copy direktori
>\RedHat\RPMS ke harddisk.
>
>* OS yang saya gunakan adalah MS-DOS 6.22 (tidak support long file
>name).
>
>* Saya menduga bahwa kesulitan di atas disebabkan karena file-file yang
>terdapat di direktory \RedHat\RPMS menggunakan long file name, seperti
>dua file ini GLIBC-DEBUG-2.0 dan GLIBC-DEVEL-2.0.
>Kedua file ini mempunyai nama file yang sama sebanyak 8 karakter pertama
>yaitu GLIBC-DE, sehingga pada saat peng-copyan maka OS akan
>memberitahukan bahwa apakah file GLIBC-DEBUG-2.0 akan di-overwrite
>dengan file GLIBC-DEVEL-2.0. Pilihan jawabannya adalah Yes, No dan All.
>Ketiga jawaban tersebut sudah saya pilih semua dan hasilnya adalah
>selalu terjadi proses looping yang tidak berhenti (continuous loop).
>
>*Apakah saya harus menggunakan OS yang men-support long file name untuk
>mengatasi masalah di atas?
>Kalau ada OS apa? (yang simple-simple aja), misalnya MS-DOS versi berapa
>gitu yang support long file name.
>Jangan suruh saya untuk pakai Win95/98 (tahu sendiri lah yaw, ngga
>simple).
>
>*Atau adakah cara lain agar rencana saya tetap dapat diwujudkan (install
>melalui hard-drive/disk).
>
>Terima kasih atas infonya
>
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