From a policy standpoint, I believe CSNet was unique. The CSNet project had explicit permission from Arpa (the project started in 1979) for adding its phonenet sites to the Arpa community. In those days, joining the Arpanet required explicit permission from Arpa for each new site. Arpa formally delegated authority to CSNet (after reviewing its membership rules; CSNet was limited to computer science research and academic organizations.) Hence, Arpa did not need to be consulted for each new CSNet site.
However, yes, uucp email relaying -- especially through Berkeley -- was relatively common at that time, with BITNET become a major player also around that time. d/ At 09:19 AM 1/24/2002 -0800, Christian Huitema wrote: >As well as a number of gateways using UUCP, BITNET or even X.400... > > > From: vint cerf [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > > yes - Phone Net (University of Delaware developed) and the Telenet X.25) > > > At 11:03 AM 1/24/2002 -0500, Michael Hammer wrote: > > >Quick question: Could one university communicate to another university > > without going through the ARPANET? ---------- Dave Crocker <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com> tel +1.408.246.8253; fax +1.408.273.6464
